写给测试人员：不是所有的bug都需要修复
本文来自微软中国官方博客，原文标题为《为什么Bugs没有被修复？》，作者Alan Page是微软卓越测试工程总监，译者为卢玥俪、陆梦嫣和汪宏。近来我遇到越来越多的人对我们会发布还有bug的产品大为惊讶。而让我大吃一惊的是，这些人中还有许多是软件测试人员，我本以为他们应该对此早已经有所了解。建议大家先阅读Eric Sink较早写的（但是很棒的）文章。不知道我还能对此话题有多少贡献，但我想试试。
许多bug并不值得去修复。“你这也算是测试人员吗？”，你肯定会冲我大叫，“测试人员是产品质量的扞卫者。”我可以再重复一次（如果需要的话）许多 bug并不值得去修复。“让我来告诉你原因。在大多数情况下，修复bug就必须要修改代码。而修改代码需要投入资源（时间）并会引入风险。这真是很糟糕，但这却是事实。有时，如果风险和投入远超过修复bug的价值，因此我们就不会被修复这些bug。
我们决定是否修复一个bug并不是，也不应该是靠“感觉”。我喜欢用“用户痛苦”的概念来帮助我做决定。我会用三个关键因素来考虑并确定“用户痛苦”：
1、严重性 —— 这个bug将产生什么影响 —— 它会让整个程序崩溃吗？它会导致用户的信息丢失吗？或者并不是那么严重？有更简单的解决方法吗？还是它仅仅是个无关紧要的问题？
2、频繁性 —— 用户碰到这个问题的频率高吗？它是程序主要工作流程中的一部分？还是隐藏在一个并不常用的功能中？在最常用的那部分程序中存在的小问题很可能是需要修复的，而一些不常用到的那部分程序中存在的大问题，也许我们会放在一边。
3、对客户的影响 ——如果你之前准备工作做得好，你应该已经知道你的客户是谁，你的每个客户群中会有多少（或者是你希望有多少）用户。这样你就需要判断，这个问题将会影响到每位用户一，还是仅仅一部分人。如果你能追踪出客户如何使用你的产品，你就能得到更准确的数据。
以上3点因素就构成了一个公式。给上面的每一个因素都分配一个数值范围，并且用一些计算 —— 你可以直接使用加法、乘法或是基于你的应用程序以及市场因素加上权值。打个比方，我们只需要执行加法并且对每个bug赋予10分的数值范围。
Bug #1：比如它是一个会让程序崩溃的bug（10分），它存在于程序的主要部分（10分），它影响了80%的客户（8分），因此这个bug的”用户痛苦“量值为28分，我们打赌我们肯定会修复它。
Bug #2：它仅仅是一个关于排列的bug（2分），它出现在二级窗口中（2分），这个bug所在的那部分程序只会在旧版本中被使用到（2分）。因此这个bug的“用户痛苦” 量值为6分，我们很可能不会去修复它了。
遗憾的是，很多情况并不像上面所说的那么简单。Bug #3是一个数据丢失问题（10分），它存在于一个应用程序的某个主要部分中，却只在某些特定的情况下才出错（5分）（顺便提一下，数据是主观编造出的）。客户研究证明它很少会被使用（2分）。因此它的 “用户痛苦”量值为17分，这是一个模棱两可的数据，修与不修都可以。一方面，修复它所需要的投入可能并不值得，只要这个问题能够被理解，并且它没有任何盲点，不再理会这个bug很可能是正确的处理方法。
微软宣布开放MSDN测试人员中心 测试人员容易遗漏一些隐藏的缺陷 测试人员如何赢得开发人员的尊重
惠普软件孙鹏专访：如何提升测试人员工.. 编程对软件测试人员意味着什么？
从另一方面来看，你必须把它和系统中的其他bug进行权衡。我们在这里应用“破窗效应（Broken Window）”—— 如果应用程序中有太多此类中等阈值的bug，产品的质量（或者最起码，从质量的感觉上）一定大受影响。你在考虑系统中每一个bug的时候，还应该结合考虑系统中其他（已知的）bug，并且以此来分析、决定哪些bug是需要被修复的而哪些则不值得被修复。
正式发布的软件中有bug的确是一件十分糟糕的事 —— 但基于我们现有的开发工具和开发语言，我们还没有找到一个更加合理的解决方法。
补充： 写出这篇文章的时候，我想我遗漏了公式中的第四个因素：发布日期。临近发布日期时，这个因素在修复/不修复bug的决定中也起了关键作用。然而我并不确定它是否是第四个因素，也无法确定在临近发布时期时，修复一个bug所需要的 “用户痛苦”量值的阈值是多少。
楼主的帖子怎么样？的阈值是多少。赶紧试试这里的快速回复给楼主点评论吧
A Stressful Job
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its an understatement that being a caregiver for an elderly loved one is stressful. and in general, by the time you accept that you are in the role of primary
note: the content of this article solely conveys the opinion of its author,
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it??s an understatement that being a caregiver for an elderly loved one is stressful. and in general, by the time you accept that you are in the role of ??primary caregiver??, the need to help your elderly parent is already advanced. so you usually have some ??catch up work?? to do so you can establish some controls over your aging parent??s medical situation, finances and lifestyle.
to make the stress of the task more acute, in many cases neither the caregiver or the one being cared for like the job or volunteered for it. the senior citizen receiving the help is often hostile, resistant to the necessary changes that the caregiver must implement and sometimes downright disagreeable. because this is probably your mom or dad you are taking care of, there are those trained reactions you have to them that when they say what goes, that??s what goes. but now you are the caregiver and they are in the role of the one who must obey. that reversal of roles is hard for both parent and child to get used to.
the stresses come from the elderly senior citizen, from expectations of other siblings and even from your own high set of standards. you may have the attitude that ??nothing but the best is good enough for my mommy or daddy??. and while that sounds good in a toast, being a caregiver is all about compromise. they may deserve your attention 24/7 but realistically if you can drop by an hour a day and then spend the rest of your day taking care of your job, your kids, your spouse, your housework and, oh yes, yourself, that is probably a reasonable expectation.
so right up front, it??s good to recognize that as you settle into the job of primary caregiver for an aging parent, there is going to be an increase in stress in your life. stress has been identified as one of the big causes of physical and mental health problems for adults. some stress in life is expected and is good for us. but when stress begins to overwhelm you nike free run 2 black, you can go through a decline of your own health that is not good for you, the one you are caring for or anyone in your family either.
for family of the caregiver nike free run barefoot, you have some care giving to do yourselves. that one person is on the forward line of a struggle that really the whole family should be involved with. if you live far from your parent and your brother or sister is doing the careering nike free run purple, be aware of the stress they are under and be supportive. you can do all you can to help out to take some of the stress off. perhaps you can coordinate with the other distant siblings and relatives to call your parent regularly and take some of the relationship pressure off of the caregiver sibling.
above all, if you have suggestions for the caregiver, give them in love and without ??nagging??. that sibling is painfully aware that she is carrying the load for the whole family so communicate your support and gratefulness and that your suggestions are meant only for mom or dads good nike free run 2 shoes, not to criticize the hard work your sibling is doing.
but the one person that can do the most to deal with the stress of being a caregiver is you nike free run 2 qs, the caregiver. you have to see taking care of yourself as much a part of the job of taking care of your parent as any of the other duties you do. you are a huge resource to your mom or dad so tackle care of that resource for their sake. if you do, not only will you be a better caregiver nike free run 2, you will live happier and continue taking good care of your family and other responsibilities as well. and that??s a healthy approach to care giving and the only approach that will work if the job goes on for a long time. 感恩无私的分享与奉献 学习了！！！ 学习了！！！
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