【飓风神龙的2017年打卡计划】用耐心地抵达初心
先赶上“每天进步一点点“（每天翻两篇） 02-07（补）原文：
It is hard to say exactlly when the moderm computer was invented.Starting in the 1930s and through the 1940s,a number of machines were developed that were like computers.But most of the machines did not have all the charateristics that we associate with computers today.These charateristics are that the machines is electronic,that it has a shot program,and that it is general purpose.
译文：
现代电脑发明的时间很难准确地确定。从十九世纪三十年代起至十九世纪四十年代，大量如同电脑的机器被发明。但是大多数机器没有我们与今天电脑相关联的所有特性。这些特性是因为它们是电子的，它们有小的可以实现普通目的程序。
短语：associate with与...相关联
每日一句：There are two ways of meeting diffculties,you alter the diffculties,or you alter yourself to meet them.
词：ultimate最终spree狂欢 改：These charateristics are that the machines is electronic,that it has a shot program,and that it is general purpose.这些特性是:机器是电子的，具有存储的程序，而且是通用的。
原文：
One of the first computerlike devices was developed in Germany by Konard Zuse in 1941.Called Z3,it was general-purpose, stored-program machine with electronic parts,but it had a mechanical memory.Another electromechanical computing machine was developed by Howard Aiken,with financial assistance from IBM,at Harvard University in 1943.It was called Automatic SequenceControl Caculater MarkⅠ,or simply Harvard Mark Ⅰ.Neither of these machines was a true computer,however,because they were not entirely electronic.
译文：
一台类似电脑的设备1941年在德国被KZ制出，它是以部分电子的方式实现的通用与程序存储，但是它有机械的内存。另一台电子机械的运算机器在1943由IBM出资在哈弗大学由HA研制出。它被叫做自动序列控制超级计算器，或简称为哈佛超机器。这些机器没一个是真正的电脑，因为它们都不是全电子的。
短语：one of + 最高级+复数 最...之一neither of ......都不
每日一句：Pain past is pleasure.
词：sequence 序列 ultra 超 domain 域 dominant 优势 rampage 暴走 原文：Perhaps the most influential of the early computerlike devices was the electronic Numercial Integator and Computer,or ENIAC.It was developed by J.Preper Eckert and John Mauchly at the university ofpennnsylvanina.The project began in the 1943 and wascompleted in 1946. The machine was huge;it weighed 30 tons and contained over 18000 vacuum tubes.
译文：
也许对早期类似电脑的设备影响最大的是数字积分器和计算机，或ENIAC。它是由PE和JM 在XXX大学研制的。这个工程始于1943结束于1946。这个机器很大，它重30吨，包含18000真空管。
单句：I don't look too far ahead as regards to my personal situation.
译：我不看太远来评定我个人的情况。
词：radiance 荣耀 lane 路 lycanthrope 狼人 tube 管子 numercial 数学的 vacuum 真空
每日一句：Do't let life discourage you , everyone who got where he is had to begin where he was. 改：I don't look too far ahead as regards to my personal situation.
至于我的个人情况，我并没有想的太远。
原文：
The ENAIC was a major advancement for its time.It was the first general-purpose,electronic computing machine and was the capable of performing thousands of operations per seconds.It was contronlled,however,by swithches and plugs that had to be manually set.Thus,although it was a general-purpose electronic devecise,it didn't have a stored program.Therefor,it didn't have all the characristics of computer.
译文：ENAIC 是超越当时的先进设备。它是第一台可以通用的电子计算机器，并且能够适应每秒上千次的操作。然而，它是被动的，开关与插头需要人为设置。因此，它是一台通用的电子计算机器，却不能存储程序。所以它不具备电脑的所有特性。
单句：Tigers fight to death only when tigress is defending her young。
译：老虎只有在保护孩子时，才会以命相搏。
每日一句：The people who get on the world are the people who get up and look for the circumstances they want ,and if they cann't find them,make them.
短语：regards to 关于 major advancement 重大进步 the people who get on the world 取得成功的人
词：plugs 插头 circumstance 环境 心情： 离考研还有十个月，好慌！！！看几个小甲鱼的视频压压惊！ 改：The ENAIC was major advancement for its time. ENAIC是那个时代一个重要的进步。
原文：
While working on the ENAIC,Eckert and Mauchiy were joined by a brilliant mathematician,John and Neuman.Together,they developed the idea of a stored program computer.The machine,called Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer,or EDVAC,was the first machine whose design included all the characristics of a computer.It was not completed,until 1951.
译文：
在ENAIC研发上，英国数学会邀请了E、M、J和N。他们共同提出了能存储程序电脑的想法。这机器称作电子离散自适应计算机，亦称EDAIC，是第一台具备电脑所有特性的机器。它直到1951年才完全被制出。
单句：Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes to show off their weath.
译：在英国的富人以捕猎狐狸来炫耀他们的财富。
每日一句：You see things;and you say why?But I dream things that never will;and I say why not?
短语：fight to death 殊死搏斗not ...untill 直到才
词： discrete 离散的 variable 可变的 改：While working on the ENAIC,Eckert and Mauchiy were joined by a brilliant mathematician,John and Neuman.
在研制ENAIC期间，杰出的数学家Ｎ和Ｊ加入到了Ｅ和Ｍ的团队中。
原文：Before the EDAIC was finished,several other machines were built that incoprated elements of the EDAIC design of Eckert,Mauchly,and von Neumen.One was the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer,or EDSAC,which was developed in Cambridge,England.It first operated in May of 1949 and is probably the world's first electronic stored-program,general-purpose computer tobecome operational.The first computr to operate in the United States was the Binary Aotumatic Computer,or BINAC,which became operatinal in Augest of 1949.
译文：在EDAIC完成之前，其他少数结合了E,M和N的EDAIC设计要素的机器被制作出来。一台为电子延迟自动计算机，亦称EDSAC，在英国剑桥被研制出。它第一次操作在1949年五月，是世界上第一台可操控的存储程序通用计算机。第一台在美国可操控的计算机为二进制自动计算机，亦称BINAC，在1949年八月实现可操控。
单句：Most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched off.
译：大多数孩子在电视关闭后而去阅读。
每日一句：Better not to ignore the past but learn from it instead.Otherwise,history has a way of repeating it.
短语：incoperated elements of 结合...的元素 switch off 关掉 come unstuck 脱离
词：unstuck 不牢 原文：Like other computing pioneers before them,E and M formed a company in 1947 to develop a commercial computer.The company was called the K-M Computer Corporation.Their objective was to design and build the Universal Automatic Computer or UNIVAC.Because of diffculties of getting financial support,they had to sell the company to Remington Rand in 1950.E and M continued to work on the UNAIC at Remington Rand and completed it in 1951.Konwn as UNAIC Ⅰ,this machine was the first commercially avaliable computer.
译文：像之前的其他计算开拓者们，E和M在1947年成立了公司开始发展经济型计算机。这个公司叫做KM计算机合作公司。他们对设计和建立UNAICN持反对态度。由于很难找到经济赞助，他们不得以于1950年将公司出售给RD。E和M继续在RD研制UNAIC，并于1951研制完成。UNAIC以第一台经济适用型电脑闻名。
单句：Memory depends to a cetain extent on the environment.
译：记忆源于环境的大改变。
每日多句：I just can't put my finger on it.我就是想不起来了。
i'll keep my fingers crossed for you.祝你好运！
They would't lift a finger to help us.
Don't you dare lay a finger on me. 不准碰我！
He's all fingers and thumbs.他笨手笨脚的。
短语：Known as 以...著名 commercially available 市场上可买到的
词：option 投票 neutral 中立的 改：Their objective was to design and build the Universal Automatic Computer or UNIVAC. 他们的目标是设计建立通用自动计算机。
原文：The first UNIVAC Ⅰ was delivered to the Cenus Bureau and used for the 1950 census.The second UNIVAC Ⅰ was used to predict that Dwight Eisehower would win the 1952 presidential election ,less than an hour after the polls closed.The UNIVAC became the modem of computer use.
译文：第一台UNVAIC交至CB使用在1950人口普查中。第二台UNIVAC用于预测在投票后一小时内，DW是否赢得1952年的总统大选。UNIVAC成为了计算机使用的模型。
单句：She was cut off while she was speaking！
译：她说话时断线了。
每日一句：Success seeems to be largely a matter of hanging on after others giving up.
短语：cut off 切断 certain extent 一定程度上 presidentail election 总统大选
词：extent 范围，程度 objective （n）目标，（adj）客观的 原文：First-generation compters were characterized by the use of vaccum tubes as their principal electronic component.Vaccum tubes are bulky and produce a lot of heat,so first-generation computers were large and require extensive air conditioning to keep them cool.In addition,because vaccum tubs don't operate very fast,the first-generation computers were relatively slow.
译文：第一代电脑特征是以真空管作为主要电子元件的。真空管很庞大并且会产生大量的热，所以第一代计算机是很大的并且需要流通的空气为其散热。因为真空管运行速率低，所以第一代计算机运行很慢。
单句：We will deal with this problem as soon as possible.
译：我们会尽快解决这个问题的。
每日一句：The sercret of science is to ask the right question.
短语：principal electronic component 主要电子元件be characterized by 以...为特征 in addition 还有，另外 deal with 处理 as soon as possible 尽快
词：vaccum 真空 principal 主要的 原文：The UNIVAC Ⅰ was the first commercial computers in this generation.As noted earliy,it was used in the Census Bureau in 1951.It was also the first computer to be used in a business application.In 1954,General Eletric took delivery of a UNIVAC Ⅰ and used it for its business data processing.
译文：UNIVAC是在这一代第一台商用的计算机。如上所记，它被用于1951年的人口普查。他还是第一台在商业领域应用的计算机。在1954年，GE购买了一台ENIVAC用于商业数据的运算。
单句：Why didn't they draw up a sourcing list？
译：他们为什么不列一个来源清单呢？
短语：take delivery of 交付...
词：doom 厄运 fan1102958151 发表于 2017-2-27 21:54
心情： 离考研还有十个月，好慌！！！看几个小甲鱼的视频压压惊！
棒棒哒{:7_113:} 改：This is honor goes to the IBM 650.这一荣誉属于IBM650。
原文：At the same time the hardware was evolving,software was developing.The first computers were programmed in machine language,but during the first computer generation,the idea of programming language translation and high-level languages occurred.Much of the credit for these ideas goes to Grace Hopper,who,as a Navy lieutenant in 1945,learned to program the Harvard Mark Ⅰ.In 1952,she developed the first programming language translator,followed by others in later years.She also developed a language called Flow-matic in 1957,which fomed the basis for COBOL,the most commonly used business promgramming language today.
译文：在硬件没落的同时，软件正在崛起。汇编语言和高级语言的主意在第一代电脑时就出现了，第一台可以用机器语言编程的电脑也随之出现。大多数对此的赞扬来于GH，一个学习HMI的海军中尉在1945年。1952年，她编写了第一个汇编编译器，被人们效仿了很多年。她在1957年还写了一个叫FM语言是当今商业运用广泛的COBOL的基础。
单句：Adopting new technologies involves risk and so forth.
译：运用新科技意味着风险和更多的未知。
每日一句：I don't think of the past.The only thing that matters is the everlasting present.
短语：think of 考虑 on account of ，on the ground that 由于 navy lieutenant 海军中尉
词：evolve 进化 forth 更多 改：At the same time the hardware was evolving,software was developing.在硬件进化的同时，软件也在发展。
原文：Other sofrware developments during the first computer generation include the design of the FORTRAN promgrming language in 1957.This language became the first wildly used high-level language.Also,the first simple operating systems became avaliable with the first generation computers.
译文：在第一代电脑时还包括有其他软件的发展，如1957年F编程语言的设计。这款语言成为世界上首款被广泛运用的语言。除此，第一代电脑还兼容了第一代简单的操作系统。
单句：You will need to know where your enemies are at all the times.
译：你需要时刻知道自己的目标在哪。
每日一句：Just don't give up trying to do what you really want to do. Where there is love and inspiration,I don't think you can go wrong.
短语：and so forth = and so on = and other things 等等 be avaliable with 被什么所接受
词：phoenix 凤凰 inspiration热情 改：You will need to know where your enemies are at all the times.你需要时刻知道自己的敌人在哪。
原文：In the second generation of computers,transistor repalced vaccum tubes.Although invented in 1948,the first all-tansistor computer did not become avaliable until 1959.Transistor are smaller and less expensive than vaccun tubes,and they operate fast and produce less heat.Hence with second-generation computer,the size and cost decreaced,their speed increased,and their air-conditining needs were reduced.
译文：在第二代电脑时，真空管被晶体管所替代了。虽然第一台纯晶体管计算机在1948年就发明了，但到了1959才可用。晶体管更小更便宜，运算速度更快，产热也少。因此第二代计算机，体积和造价都下降了，速度上升了，都空气条件的要求也减少了。
单句：He doesn't seem to believe in love at first sight.
译：他似乎不信一见钟情。
每日一句：Summer has come and passed.The innocent can never last.Wake me up when September ends.
短语：believe in 相信... love at first sight 一见钟情
词：transistor 晶体管 enemies 敌人们 原文：Many canpanies that had not previosly sold computer entered the industry with the second generation.One of the companies that still makes computer is Contral Data Corparition.They were noted for making high-speed computer for scientific work.
译文：许多公司没有让第二代电脑开始产业化。一家公司还认为计算机是用于数据综合的。他们仍然在制作用于科学研究的高速计算机。
单句：At one time Mars was suitable to life.
译：在某个时期，火星是适合居住的。
每日一句：If you won't be better tomorrow than you were today, then what do you want tomorrow for?
短语：lose one's heart at first sight of ...对...一见钟情
词： troll 巨魔 venom剧毒术士 想入ctf这个坑，但是又没有时间...也没人带...{:10_266:}
来个大神拯救下我吧！{:10_312:} 改：Many canpanies that had not previosly sold computer entered the industry with the second generation.许多公司先前不生产计算机的公司随着第二代机的出现也加入到计算机制造。
One of the companies that still makes computer is Contral Data Corparition。其中仍然制造计算机公司之一是DCD。
原文：Reminting Rand,now called Sperr-Rand corperation,made several second-generation UNIVAC computers.IBM,however,continued to dominate the industry.One of most popular second-generation computers was the IBM 1401,which was the mediuim-sized computer used by many business.
译文：RR，现在更名为SR生产少数的二代UNIVAC。然而IBM持续投入产业化。最受欢迎的二代机是IBM1401，一台中型计算机被用于许多事务。
单句：One way or another,he will srill be in charge.
译：无论哪种方式，他都能掌控。
每日一句：A contented mind is the greatest blessing a man can enjoy in the world.
短语：enter the industry 进入产业化in charge 掌控
词：bless 祝福 mana 蓝条 改：One way or another,he will srill be in charge. 无论如何，他都要负责。
原文：All computers at this time were mainframe computers costing over a million dollars.The first minicomputer became avaliable in 1960 and cost about $ 120,000.This was the PDP-1,manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation（DEC）.
译文：在当时所有的电脑都是大型机要花费上千万美元。第一台小型机是在1960花费120000美元生产可用的。这就是PDP-1，是由DCE制造的。
单句：He will end up in prison.
译：他将在监狱度过余生。
每日一句：If you with to succed,you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference,prudence as your brother and hope sentry.
短语：be in charge 对什么负责
词：persistence 恒心 reference 参考 sentry 哨兵
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