首先,“<<”和“>>”本质上是位运算符,
其之所以能作为流输出输入运算符,是因为在istream和ostream中对其已经进行了重载:template<class _Elem,
class _Traits> inline
basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& operator>>(
basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& _Istr, _Elem *_Str)
{ // extract NTBS
typedef basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits> _Myis;
typedef ctype<_Elem> _Ctype;
ios_base::iostate _State = ios_base::goodbit;
_Elem *_Str0 = _Str;
const typename _Myis::sentry _Ok(_Istr);
if (_Ok)
{ // state okay, extract characters
const _Ctype& _Ctype_fac = _STD use_facet<_Ctype>(_Istr.getloc());
_TRY_IO_BEGIN
streamsize _Count = 0 < _Istr.width() ? _Istr.width()
: (numeric_limits<streamsize>::max)();
typename _Myis::int_type _Meta = _Istr.rdbuf()->sgetc();
_Elem _Ch;
for (; 0 < --_Count; _Meta = _Istr.rdbuf()->snextc())
if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Meta))
{ // end of file, quit
_State |= ios_base::eofbit;
break;
}
else if (_Ctype_fac.is(_Ctype::space,
_Ch = _Traits::to_char_type(_Meta))
|| _Ch == _Elem())
break; // whitespace or nul, quit
else
*_Str++ = _Traits::to_char_type(_Meta); // add it to string
_CATCH_IO_(_Istr)
}
*_Str = _Elem(); // add terminating null character
_Istr.width(0);
_Istr.setstate(_Str == _Str0 ? _State | ios_base::failbit : _State);
return (_Istr);
}
template<class _Traits> inline
basic_ostream<char, _Traits>& operator<<(
basic_ostream<char, _Traits>& _Ostr,
const char *_Val)
{ // insert NTBS into char stream
typedef char _Elem;
typedef basic_ostream<_Elem, _Traits> _Myos;
ios_base::iostate _State = ios_base::goodbit;
streamsize _Count = (streamsize)_Traits::length(_Val); // may overflow
streamsize _Pad = _Ostr.width() <= 0 || _Ostr.width() <= _Count
? 0 : _Ostr.width() - _Count;
const typename _Myos::sentry _Ok(_Ostr);
if (!_Ok)
_State |= ios_base::badbit;
else
{ // state okay, insert
_TRY_IO_BEGIN
if ((_Ostr.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield) != ios_base::left)
for (; 0 < _Pad; --_Pad) // pad on left
if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(),
_Ostr.rdbuf()->sputc(_Ostr.fill())))
{ // insertion failed, quit
_State |= ios_base::badbit;
break;
}
if (_State == ios_base::goodbit
&& _Ostr.rdbuf()->sputn(_Val, _Count) != _Count)
_State |= ios_base::badbit;
if (_State == ios_base::goodbit)
for (; 0 < _Pad; --_Pad) // pad on right
if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(),
_Ostr.rdbuf()->sputc(_Ostr.fill())))
{ // insertion failed, quit
_State |= ios_base::badbit;
break;
}
_Ostr.width(0);
_CATCH_IO_(_Ostr)
}
_Ostr.setstate(_State);
return (_Ostr);
}
而你用不同的方式再次重载了这个符号,对于同一个运算,编译器能够找到不止一个能匹配的重载函数,就会出现定义不明确的错误 |