[已解决]python中随机函数

我@小甲鱼

想用python写一个随机点名的代码,我自己尝试用random.randint()来表达,但我发现使用random()来表达会一个问题,就是有时会重复,比如:
import random

num = random.randint(0,50)

print(num)

当我去运行的时候,有时会打印1,有时也会打印2,但有时又会打印1,就会出现重新的数字,我想打印十次,但每次打印出来的数字都是不同的,该怎么实现呢?
如果有哪位大佬知道,麻烦能否耽误大家几分钟的时候教我一下,鄙人万分感谢!

最佳答案

月排行榜 / 总排行榜

jackz007

2022-10-7 21:22:55

        这个代码会在 [1 , 50] 的范围内随机产生 50 个不重复的元素列表

import random
c , d = 0 , []
while c < 50:
    x = random . randint(1 , 50)
    if not x in d:
        d . append(x)
        c += 1
print(d)

        运行实况：

D:\[00.Exerciese.2022]\Python>python x.py
[16, 50, 32, 5, 40, 48, 21, 47, 19, 49, 28, 8, 25, 26, 42, 39, 31, 12, 10, 14, 35, 44, 18, 23, 7, 34, 17, 15, 33, 22, 27, 43, 46, 45, 1, 38, 2, 20, 9, 30, 6, 4, 36, 37, 3, 13, 29, 24, 41, 11]

D:\[00.Exerciese.2022]\Python>python x.py
[22, 16, 7, 15, 11, 12, 13, 9, 34, 2, 45, 32, 43, 50, 21, 17, 24, 14, 4, 47, 6,27, 19, 29, 37, 5, 33, 42, 36, 31, 49, 46, 35, 3, 38, 40, 41, 8, 26, 25, 48, 10, 28, 18, 30, 39, 44, 1, 20, 23]

D:\[00.Exerciese.2022]\Python>python x.py
[43, 37, 24, 16, 14, 1, 5, 21, 30, 49, 11, 17, 22, 7, 47, 12, 20, 18, 13, 44, 26, 48, 36, 28, 50, 10, 15, 41, 29, 6, 31, 38, 32, 42, 3, 40, 2, 8, 39, 33, 45, 34, 4, 25, 46, 19, 9, 35, 27, 23]

D:\[00.Exerciese.2022]\Python>python x.py
[49, 3, 1, 18, 28, 36, 23, 10, 38, 2, 34, 24, 30, 42, 25, 16, 12, 22, 9, 43, 11, 4, 8, 33, 27, 37, 32, 47, 39, 40, 41, 35, 6, 45, 48, 15, 21, 5, 14, 50, 17, 13, 7, 26, 20, 31, 44, 29, 46, 19]

D:\[00.Exerciese.2022]\Python>

跳转到最佳答案楼层

小伤口

可以用random.sample
这样取出的数据不会重复
说明：

random.sample([要取数据的列表], 要取出的数据个数)

返回值是一个列表

jackz007

        这个代码会在 [1 , 50] 的范围内随机产生 50 个不重复的元素列表

import random
c , d = 0 , []
while c < 50:
    x = random . randint(1 , 50)
    if not x in d:
        d . append(x)
        c += 1
print(d)

        运行实况：

D:\[00.Exerciese.2022]\Python>python x.py
[16, 50, 32, 5, 40, 48, 21, 47, 19, 49, 28, 8, 25, 26, 42, 39, 31, 12, 10, 14, 35, 44, 18, 23, 7, 34, 17, 15, 33, 22, 27, 43, 46, 45, 1, 38, 2, 20, 9, 30, 6, 4, 36, 37, 3, 13, 29, 24, 41, 11]

D:\[00.Exerciese.2022]\Python>python x.py
[22, 16, 7, 15, 11, 12, 13, 9, 34, 2, 45, 32, 43, 50, 21, 17, 24, 14, 4, 47, 6,27, 19, 29, 37, 5, 33, 42, 36, 31, 49, 46, 35, 3, 38, 40, 41, 8, 26, 25, 48, 10, 28, 18, 30, 39, 44, 1, 20, 23]

D:\[00.Exerciese.2022]\Python>python x.py
[43, 37, 24, 16, 14, 1, 5, 21, 30, 49, 11, 17, 22, 7, 47, 12, 20, 18, 13, 44, 26, 48, 36, 28, 50, 10, 15, 41, 29, 6, 31, 38, 32, 42, 3, 40, 2, 8, 39, 33, 45, 34, 4, 25, 46, 19, 9, 35, 27, 23]

D:\[00.Exerciese.2022]\Python>python x.py
[49, 3, 1, 18, 28, 36, 23, 10, 38, 2, 34, 24, 30, 42, 25, 16, 12, 22, 9, 43, 11, 4, 8, 33, 27, 37, 32, 47, 39, 40, 41, 35, 6, 45, 48, 15, 21, 5, 14, 50, 17, 13, 7, 26, 20, 31, 44, 29, 46, 19]

D:\[00.Exerciese.2022]\Python>

fcage

我有个另外的想法：

import random

li = [i for i in range(1, 51)]  # 1-50的列表
random.shuffle(li)

print(li.pop())  # pop()会弹出并返回列表最末尾的值

每次直接从后面弹就是了，或者每次再shuffle一下

我@小甲鱼

jackz007 发表于 2022-10-7 21:22
这个代码会在 [1 , 50] 的范围内随机产生 50 个不重复的元素列表

        运行实况：

谢谢大佬的回答,本来我想给鱼币给您的,但我不知道如何给,抱歉！但还是十分谢谢您能抽空回复我的问题，谢谢！
我在大佬基础上添加了自己的一些想法,但发现还是会存在一些问题,但自己又说不上来.

import random
c , d = 0 , []

list1 =['刘德华','黎明','郭富城','张学友','任贤齐','周杰伦','谢霆锋','周润发','张国荣','周星驰','吴孟达']

num = random.randint(0,(len(list1)-1))
print(num)
# num = int(input('请输入数字随机偷取的名额:'))

while c <= len(list1):
    x = random . choice(list1)
    if not x in d:
        d . append(x)

    c += 1
print(d)
print(d[num])

jackz007

我[url=home.php?mod=space&uid=9]@小甲鱼 发表于 2022-10-8 13:59[/url]
谢谢大佬的回答,本来我想给鱼币给您的,但我不知道如何给,抱歉！但还是十分谢谢您能抽空回复我的问题，谢 ...

import random

c , d = 0 , []
list1 = ['刘德华','黎明','郭富城','张学友','任贤齐','周杰伦','谢霆锋','周润发','张国荣','周星驰','吴孟达']
while c < len(list1) :           # 必须是 "<"，不可以 "<=" 会死循环
    x = random . choice(list1)
    if not x in d:
        d . append(x)
        c += 1                   # c = c + 1 应该和列表元素的添加同步，否则，d[] 中的元素数量会比 list1 少很多
print(list1)
print(d)