Python：每日一题 139

冬雪雪冬 · 发表于 2018-1-12 14:00:00

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本帖最后由冬雪雪冬于 2018-1-15 18:05 编辑

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题目：
已有一个由小到大数字组成列表，
list1 = [3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 64, 74, 78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153, 158, 163, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204, 207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262, 265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301, 305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334, 347, 355, 357, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 375, 377, 381, 391, 414, 417, 426, 428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459, 466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494]
要求将数字是列表中其他数字倍数的剔除，如15， 24是3的倍数，就将15，24去除，14，21是7的倍数，就将14，21去除。注意数字仅是其本身的1倍，如3是3的1倍，是不需要去除的，否则最后的列表就成空的了。
要求给出最后剩余的列表。

shigure_takimi · 发表于 2018-1-12 15:34:51

本帖最后由 shigure_takimi 于 2018-1-12 16:39 编辑

list1 = [3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 64, 74, 78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153, 158, 163, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204, 207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262, 265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301, 305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334, 347, 355, 357, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 375, 377, 381, 391, 414, 417, 426, 428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459, 466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494]

# 方法1：

length = len(list1)
result = [list1[0]]
for index in range(1, length):
    for i in list1[:index]:
        if list1[index] % i == 0:
            break
    else:
        result.append(list1[index])
print(result)

# 方法2：
for i in list1[1:]:
    for j in list1[:list1.index(i)]:
        if i % j == 0:
            list1.remove(i)
            break
print(list1)

#  [3, 7, 10, 11, 17, 19, 26, 32, 41, 43, 53, 74, 103, 107, 116, 142, 158, 163, 173, 179, 181, 188, 218, 235, 239, 248, 251, 262, 278, 292, 295, 305, 313, 317, 332, 334, 347, 355, 365, 368, 377, 445, 466]

#  list1 = list(range(3,10000))时，方法1耗时2.84秒，方法2耗时0.98秒。
#  list1 = list(range(3,50000))时，方法1耗时59.98秒，方法2耗时17.06秒。
#  list1 = list(range(3,100000))时，方法1耗时272.97秒，方法2耗时70.5 秒。
#  我好有耐心呀。

空巷无人故人叹 · 发表于 2018-1-12 15:38:00

list1 = [3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 64, 74, 78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153, 158, 163, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204, 207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262, 265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301, 305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334, 347, 355, 357, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 375, 377, 381, 391, 414, 417, 426, 428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459, 466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494]
number = len(list1)
answer = []
def prime(a):
    for i in range(2,a):
        if a % i == 0:
            return False
    return True

for i in range(0,number-1):
    b = prime(list1[i])
    if b :
        answer.append(list1[i])
list1 = answer
print(list1)

jerryxjr1220 · 发表于 2018-1-12 15:52:14

本帖最后由 jerryxjr1220 于 2018-1-12 17:23 编辑

list1 = [3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 64, 74, 78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153, 158, 163, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204, 207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262, 265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301, 305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334, 347, 355, 357, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 375, 377, 381, 391, 414, 417, 426, 428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459, 466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494]
from functools import reduce
print(sorted(list(reduce((lambda a,b:a&b), (set(list1)-set(range(e*2,495,e)) for e in list1)))))

[3, 7, 10, 11, 17, 19, 26, 32, 41, 43, 53, 74, 103, 107, 116, 142, 158, 163, 173, 179, 181, 188, 218, 235, 239, 248, 251, 262, 278, 292, 295, 305, 313, 317, 332, 334, 347, 355, 365, 368, 377, 445, 466]

再写个标记法：效率第一

def func(lst):
        import numpy as np 
        num = np.zeros(max(lst)+1,dtype='int8')
        for i in reversed(lst):
                num[i] = 1
                num[i+i::i] = 0
        return np.nonzero(num)[0].tolist()

这个方法用来筛选质数，效率也是非常高的。

list1 = list(range(2,100000))
print(func(list1))

10万以下的质数，0.3秒

小黑大人 · 发表于 2018-1-12 15:58:29

list1 = [3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 64, 74, 78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153, 158, 163, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204, 207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262, 265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301, 305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334, 347, 355, 357, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 375, 377, 381, 391, 414, 417, 426, 428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459, 466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494]
for i in list1:
for m in list1:
      if i != m:
         if m%i == 0:
            list1.remove(m)

print(list1)

graceasyi · 发表于 2018-1-12 17:09:05

初学者用笨方法，也算是一种学习。

l1=[……] # l1赋值这里省略了……
l2=l1[:]
l2.reverse()
l3=[]
for i in l2:
for j in l1:
if i != j and i%j==0:
l3.append(i)
break
for i in l3:
l2.remove(i)
l2.reverse()
print(l2)

结果：
[3, 7, 10, 11, 17, 19, 26, 32, 41, 43, 53, 74, 103, 107, 116, 142, 158, 163, 173, 179, 181, 188, 218, 235, 239, 248, 251, 262, 278, 292, 295, 305, 313, 317, 332, 334, 347, 355, 365, 368, 377, 445, 466]

nononoyes · 发表于 2018-1-12 18:26:23

[3, 7, 10, 11, 17, 19, 26, 32, 39, 41, 43, 48, 53, 74, 103, 107, 116, 142, 158, 163, 173, 179, 181, 188, 216, 218, 235, 239, 248, 251, 262, 278, 292, 295, 305, 313, 317, 332, 334, 347, 355, 365, 368, 377, 417, 445, 466]

OldList=[3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 64, 74, 78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153, 158, 163, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204, 207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262, 265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301, 305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334, 347, 355, 357, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 375, 377, 381, 391, 414, 417, 426, 428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459, 466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494]
NewList=[3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 64, 74, 78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153, 158, 163, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204, 207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262, 265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301, 305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334, 347, 355, 357, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 375, 377, 381, 391, 414, 417, 426, 428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459, 466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494]

for i in range(len(OldList)):
print('列表长度：',len(OldList))
print('i的值：',i)
for j in range(i+1,len(OldList)):
      print('j的值：',j)
      if(OldList[j]%OldList[i]==0):
         print('被除数：',OldList[i])
         print('除数：',OldList[j])
         NewList.remove(OldList[j])
         print('删除后的数组：',NewList)
         OldList = NewList
         print('列表的长度：',len(OldList))
         print('j+1',j+1)
         if(j+1 >=len(OldList)):
            break
      if(j+1 >=  len(OldList)):
            break

print('-------------------------------------')

shigure_takimi · 发表于 2018-1-12 18:35:10

本帖最后由 shigure_takimi 于 2018-1-12 18:36 编辑

shigure_takimi 发表于 2018-1-12 15:34

感谢 jerryxjr1220的点评。因为是自学，以前也没学过编程，不知道标记法。我去查一查。

大头目 · 发表于 2018-1-12 19:33:38

list1 = [3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 64, 74, 78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153, 158, 163, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204, 207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262, 265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301, 305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334, 347, 355, 357, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 375, 377, 381, 391, 414, 417, 426, 428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459, 466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494]
list2 = []
for i in list1:
n=0
for j in range(3,500):
if (i % j) == 0:
n+=1
if n==1:
list2.append(i)
print(list2)

haixiaotian · 发表于 2018-1-12 20:03:54

def delete_element(old_list):
        new_list = old_list[:]
        for i in new_list:
                for j in new_list:
                        if (i%j == 0) and (i!=j):
                                old_list.remove(i)
                                break        ####
        return old_list
list1 = [3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 64, 74, 78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153, 158, 163, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204, 207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262, 265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301, 305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334, 347, 355, 357, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 375, 377, 381, 391, 414, 417, 426, 428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459, 466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494]
out = delete_element(list1)
print(out)

编程新血 · 发表于 2018-1-12 20:19:29

'''一个2重循环'''

list1 = [3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 64, 74, 78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153, 158, 163, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204, 207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262, 265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301, 305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334, 347, 355, 357, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 375, 377, 381, 391, 414, 417, 426, 428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459, 466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494]
list2 = []
while list1:
'''弹出第一个数字进入list2'''
num = list1.pop(0)
list2.append(num)

'''在list1中消去该数字的倍数'''
for i in range(num*2,495,num):
if i in list1:
list1.remove(i)
print(list2)

solomonxian · 发表于 2018-1-12 21:11:46

直接算出所有倍数，然后用差集处理

def fun(lst):
    result = set(lst)
    for num in lst:
        multiple = {num * i for i in range(2, lst[-1]//num + 1)}
        result -= multiple
    return sorted(result)

求余处理

def fun2(lst):
    result = lst[:]
    for i in lst:
        for j in lst[lst.index(i)+1:]:
            if not j%i and j in result:
                result.remove(j)
    return result

wyp02033 · 发表于 2018-1-12 22:54:55

def remove_multiple(ls):
    max_multiple = max(ls) // min(ls)
    i = 0
    while True:
        num = ls[i]
        for j in range(2, max_multiple):
            num_multiple = num * j
            if num_multiple in ls:
                ls.remove(num_multiple)
            elif num_multiple > max(ls):
                break
        i += 1
        if i == len(ls) - 1:
            return ls



if __name__ == '__main__':
    
    ls = [
        3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43,
        45, 48, 49, 53, 64, 74, 78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153, 158, 163, 171,
        173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204, 207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239, 248, 250, 251, 253,
        258, 262, 265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301, 305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334, 347, 355, 357, 358, 363, 365,
        366, 368, 375, 377, 381, 391, 414, 417, 426, 428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459, 466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494
    ]
    print(remove_multiple(ls))

结果：[3, 7, 10, 11, 17, 19, 26, 32, 41, 43, 53, 74, 103, 107, 116, 142, 158, 163, 173, 179, 181, 188, 218, 235, 239, 248, 251, 262, 278, 292, 295, 305, 313, 317, 332, 334, 347, 355, 365, 368, 377, 445, 466]

久疤K · 发表于 2018-1-12 23:29:54

def fun(mlist):
    t = []
    for x in mlist:
        f = True
        for y in t:
            if x % y == 0:
                f = False
                break
        if f:
            t.append(x)
    return t

def main():
    mlist = [3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39,
            41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 64, 74, 78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153,
            158, 163, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204, 207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239,
            248, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262, 265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301, 305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334, 347,
            355, 357, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 375, 377, 381, 391, 414, 417, 426, 428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459,
            466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494]
    
    t = fun(mlist)
    print(t)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

结果:

[3, 7, 10, 11, 17, 19, 26, 32, 41, 43, 53, 74, 103, 107, 116, 142, 158, 163, 173, 179, 181, 188, 218, 235, 239, 248, 251, 262, 278, 292, 295, 305, 313, 317, 332, 334, 347, 355, 365, 368, 377, 445, 466]

小菜饼 · 发表于 2018-1-12 23:48:01

想了好久，实在想不出来

vite · 发表于 2018-1-13 10:57:02

list1 = [3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27,
         28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 64, 74,
         78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153,
         158, 163, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204,
         207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262,
         265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301, 305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334,
         347, 355, 357, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 375, 377, 381, 391, 414,
         417, 426,428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459, 466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494]
list2 = list1 [:]
def sceen ():
    for x in list1 :
        for y in list1[0:list1.index(x)] :
            if x%y == 0 :
                list2.remove(x)
                break
    print (list2)  #最终结果
                
sceen()

8306最硬 · 发表于 2018-1-13 13:54:55

本帖最后由 8306最硬于 2018-1-13 14:00 编辑

def del_multiple(lst):
    for i in lst:
        for j in lst:
            if j % i == 0 and i is not j:
                lst.remove(j)

    return lst

lst = [3, 7, 10, 11, 17, 19, 26, 32, 39, 41, 43, 48, 53, 74, 103, 107, 116, 142, 158, 163, 173, 179, 181, 188, 216, 218, 235, 239, 248, 251, 262, 278, 292, 295, 305, 313, 317, 332, 334, 347, 355, 365, 368, 377, 417, 445, 466]

aegis1417 · 发表于 2018-1-13 18:15:54

list1 = [3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45,
         48, 49, 53, 64, 74, 78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153, 158, 163, 171, 173, 174,
         175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204, 207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262,
         265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301,305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334, 347, 355, 357, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 375,
         377, 381, 391, 414, 417, 426, 428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459, 466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494]
remove1=[]
for i in list1:
    for j in list1:
        if i!=j and i%j==0:
            remove1.append(i)
remove1=list(set(remove1))
for i in remove1:
    list1.remove(i)
print(list1)

cnkizy · 发表于 2018-1-13 22:17:00

list = [3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 64, 74, 78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153, 158, 163, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204, 207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262, 265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301, 305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334, 347, 355, 357, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 375, 377, 381, 391, 414, 417, 426, 428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459, 466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494]
for i in list:
        for j in list:
                if j == i:
                        continue
                if j%i==0:
                        list.remove(j)
for i in list:
        print(i,end=' ')

时间复杂度O（n2）
结果如有不对恳请指正

yjsx86 · 发表于 2018-1-13 23:33:46

list1 = [3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 64, 74, 78, 80, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 103, 107, 116, 142, 148, 152, 153, 158, 163, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188, 190, 201, 204, 207, 216, 218, 222, 231, 235, 239, 248, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262, 265, 278, 292, 295, 296, 301, 305, 313, 317, 320, 326, 332, 334, 347, 355, 357, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 375, 377, 381, 391, 414, 417, 426, 428, 437, 438, 445, 453, 459, 466, 474, 476, 477, 489, 494]

def generator():
    global list1
    while list1:
        temp = list1.pop(0)
        yield temp
        list1 = [x for x in list1 if x % temp != 0]

g = generator()
print([x for x in g])

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