# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
from itertools import cycle
import random
import sys
import pygame #将pygame库导入到python程序中
from pygame.locals import * #需要引入pygame中的所有常量。
FPS = 30
SCREENWIDTH = 288 #屏幕宽度
SCREENHEIGHT = 512 #屏幕高度
# amount by which base can maximum shift to left
PIPEGAPSIZE = 100 # gap between upper and lower part of pipe 管道上下之间的间隙
BASEY = SCREENHEIGHT * 0.79 #base那个条条所在的高度 注意以左上角为坐标起始点 所以这个高度是往下为正
# image, sound and hitmask dicts
IMAGES, SOUNDS, HITMASKS = {}, {}, {} #图像，声音，撞击的文件
# list of all possible players (tuple of 3 positions of flap) #三种小鸟造型
PLAYERS_LIST = (
# red bird
(
'assets/sprites/redbird-upflap.png',
'assets/sprites/redbird-midflap.png',
'assets/sprites/redbird-downflap.png',
),
# blue bird
(
# amount by which base can maximum shift to left
'assets/sprites/bluebird-upflap.png',
'assets/sprites/bluebird-midflap.png',
'assets/sprites/bluebird-downflap.png',
),
# yellow bird
(
'assets/sprites/yellowbird-upflap.png',
'assets/sprites/yellowbird-midflap.png',
'assets/sprites/yellowbird-downflap.png',
),
)
# list of backgrounds 两种背景，一种白天，一种黑夜
BACKGROUNDS_LIST = (
'assets/sprites/background-day.png',
'assets/sprites/background-night.png',
)
# list of pipes 管道的两种颜色，一种绿色，一种红色
PIPES_LIST = (
'assets/sprites/pipe-green.png',
'assets/sprites/pipe-red.png',
)
try:
xrange
except NameError:
xrange = range
def main():
global SCREEN, FPSCLOCK
pygame.init() #经过初始化以后我们就可以尽情地使用pygame了。
#使用Pygame时钟之前，必须先创建Clock对象的一个实例，
FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()#控制每个循环多长时间运行一次。这就像一个定时器在控制时间进程，指出“现在开始下一个循环”！现在开始下一个循环！……
SCREEN = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREENWIDTH, SCREENHEIGHT))#通常来说我们需要先创建一个窗口，方便我们与程序的交互。
pygame.display.set_caption('Flappy Bird')#设置窗口标题
# numbers sprites for score display #加载并转换图像
#在pygame中可以使用pygame.image.load（）函数来加载位图 （支持jpg,png,gif,bmp,pcx,tif,tga等多种图片格式）。
#convert_alpha()方法会使用透明的方法绘制前景对象。
# 因此在加载一个有alpha通道的素材时（比如PNG TGA），需要使用convert_alpha()方法，当然普通的图片也是可以使用这个方法的，用了也不会有什么副作用。
IMAGES['numbers'] = (
pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/0.png').convert_alpha(),
pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/1.png').convert_alpha(),
pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/2.png').convert_alpha(),
pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/3.png').convert_alpha(),
pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/4.png').convert_alpha(),
pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/5.png').convert_alpha(),
pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/6.png').convert_alpha(),
pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/7.png').convert_alpha(),
pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/8.png').convert_alpha(),
pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/9.png').convert_alpha()
)
# game over sprite 游戏结束显示的图像
IMAGES['gameover'] = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/gameover.png').convert_alpha()
# message sprite for welcome screen 欢迎界面显示的图像
IMAGES['message'] = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/message.png').convert_alpha()
# base (ground) sprite 始终显示的base图像
IMAGES['base'] = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/base.png').convert_alpha()
# sounds
# WAV版 OGG版是指游戏的音频格式
# WAV版是属于游戏原版
# OGG是大大们通过转换器把音频格式的WAV改成OGG，这样游戏的配置提高要求使游戏本身的体积而缩小节省了空间。
#可以看一下同一个音频 ogg版的是比wav版的文件小很多
if 'win' in sys.platform: #判断当前系统平台 来设置声音文件后缀
soundExt = '.wav'
else:
soundExt = '.ogg'
# 音效:pygame.mixer
# sound = pygame.mixer.Sound('/home/liumin/love.wav')使用指定文件名载入一个音频文件，并创建一个Sound对象。 音频文件可以是wav,ogg等格式。
# 音频文件的内容会被全部载入到内存中。
SOUNDS['die'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/die' + soundExt)
SOUNDS['hit'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/hit' + soundExt)
SOUNDS['point'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/point' + soundExt)
SOUNDS['swoosh'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/swoosh' + soundExt)
SOUNDS['wing'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/wing' + soundExt)
while True:
# select random background sprites 加载随机背景 （白天或者黑夜）
randBg = random.randint(0, len(BACKGROUNDS_LIST) - 1)#随机选择0或者1
IMAGES['background'] = pygame.image.load(BACKGROUNDS_LIST[randBg]).convert()#加载随机背景
# select random player sprites 加载随机角色 （红色、蓝色、黄色小鸟）
randPlayer = random.randint(0, len(PLAYERS_LIST) - 1)
IMAGES['player'] = (
pygame.image.load(PLAYERS_LIST[randPlayer][0]).convert_alpha(),
pygame.image.load(PLAYERS_LIST[randPlayer][1]).convert_alpha(),
pygame.image.load(PLAYERS_LIST[randPlayer][2]).convert_alpha(),
)
# select random pipe sprites 加载随机管道样式
pipeindex = random.randint(0, len(PIPES_LIST) - 1)
IMAGES['pipe'] = (
pygame.transform.rotate(
pygame.image.load(PIPES_LIST[pipeindex]).convert_alpha(), 180),#旋转180度
pygame.image.load(PIPES_LIST[pipeindex]).convert_alpha(),
)#一个上面的管道 一个下面的管道
# hismask for pipes #得到管道的边界mask
HITMASKS['pipe'] = (
getHitmask(IMAGES['pipe'][0]),
getHitmask(IMAGES['pipe'][1]),
)
# hitmask for player #得到player的边界mask
HITMASKS['player'] = (
getHitmask(IMAGES['player'][0]),
getHitmask(IMAGES['player'][1]),
getHitmask(IMAGES['player'][2]),
)
movementInfo = showWelcomeAnimation()#返回'playery'（player所在位置）,'basex'（base图像所在位置） 'playerIndexGen'（飞行姿势index）
crashInfo = mainGame(movementInfo)
showGameOverScreen(crashInfo)
def showWelcomeAnimation():
"""Shows welcome screen animation of flappy bird"""
# index of player to blit on screen
playerIndex = 0
playerIndexGen = cycle([0, 1, 2, 1])
# iterator used to change playerIndex after every 5th iteration
loopIter = 0
#player所在位置
playerx = int(SCREENWIDTH * 0.2)
playery = int((SCREENHEIGHT - IMAGES['player'][0].get_height()) / 2)
#欢迎图像所在位置
messagex = int((SCREENWIDTH - IMAGES['message'].get_width()) / 2)
messagey = int(SCREENHEIGHT * 0.12)
basex = 0
# amount by which base can maximum shift to left 可以最大限度地向左移动的距离
baseShift = IMAGES['base'].get_width() - IMAGES['background'].get_width()
# player shm for up-down motion on welcome screen 角色在欢迎屏幕上进行上下移动
playerShmVals = {'val': 0, 'dir': 1}
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():#使用pygame.event.get()来处理所有的事件,
if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):#如果 quit 或者 按键之后又按下esc，就结束游戏
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):#如果按键之后点击或者按下↑
# make first flap sound and return values for mainGame
SOUNDS['wing'].play()#播放飞的特效声音
return {#返回初始位置 进入maingame
'playery': playery + playerShmVals['val'],
'basex': basex,
'playerIndexGen': playerIndexGen,
}
# adjust playery, playerIndex, basex
if (loopIter + 1) % 5 == 0:
playerIndex = next(playerIndexGen)#获得匹配元素集合中每个元素紧邻的同胞元素 调整飞行姿势图片
loopIter = (loopIter + 1) % 30
basex = -((-basex + 4) % baseShift)
playerShm(playerShmVals)
# draw sprites
#screen.blit(space, (0,0))可以绘制位图 第一个参数是加载完成的位图，第二个参数是绘制的起始坐标。
SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['background'], (0,0))
SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['player'][playerIndex],
(playerx, playery + playerShmVals['val']))
SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['message'], (messagex, messagey))
SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['base'], (basex, BASEY))
pygame.display.update()#更新整个窗口
FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)#循环应该多长时间运行一次
def mainGame(movementInfo):
score = playerIndex = loopIter = 0#初始得分以及初始player的姿态以及迭代次数都为0
playerIndexGen = movementInfo['playerIndexGen']#得到飞行姿势
playerx, playery = int(SCREENWIDTH * 0.2), movementInfo['playery']#player所在位置
basex = movementInfo['basex']#base图像所在位置
baseShift = IMAGES['base'].get_width() - IMAGES['background'].get_width()
# get 2 new pipes to add to upperPipes lowerPipes list
newPipe1 = getRandomPipe()
newPipe2 = getRandomPipe()
# list of upper pipes
upperPipes = [
{'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200, 'y': newPipe1[0]['y']},
{'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200 + (SCREENWIDTH / 2), 'y': newPipe2[0]['y']},
]
# list of lowerpipe
lowerPipes = [
{'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200, 'y': newPipe1[1]['y']},
{'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200 + (SCREENWIDTH / 2), 'y': newPipe2[1]['y']},
]
pipeVelX = -4
# player velocity, max velocity, downward accleration, accleration on flap 角色速度，最大速度，向下加速度，襟翼加速度
playerVelY = -9 # player's velocity along Y, default same as playerFlapped
playerMaxVelY = 10 # max vel along Y, max descend speed
playerMinVelY = -8 # min vel along Y, max ascend speed
playerAccY = 1 # players downward accleration
playerRot = 45 # player's rotation
playerVelRot = 3 # angular speed
playerRotThr = 20 # rotation threshold
playerFlapAcc = -9 # players speed on flapping
playerFlapped = False # True when player flaps
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):
if playery > -2 * IMAGES['player'][0].get_height():#如果点击
playerVelY = playerFlapAcc#上升
playerFlapped = True
SOUNDS['wing'].play()#并播放飞行音效
# check for crash here
crashTest = checkCrash({'x': playerx, 'y': playery, 'index': playerIndex},
upperPipes, lowerPipes)
if crashTest[0]:#如果掉在地上或者撞击到了管道，就返回结束游戏
return {
'y': playery,
'groundCrash': crashTest[1],
'basex': basex,
'upperPipes': upperPipes,
'lowerPipes': lowerPipes,
'score': score,
'playerVelY': playerVelY,
'playerRot': playerRot
}
# check for score
playerMidPos = playerx + IMAGES['player'][0].get_width() / 2
for pipe in upperPipes:
pipeMidPos = pipe['x'] + IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_width() / 2
if pipeMidPos <= playerMidPos < pipeMidPos + 4:#当角色达到管道缝隙的中间+4时，score+1，并且在此时播放得分音效
score += 1
SOUNDS['point'].play()
# playerIndex basex change
if (loopIter + 1) % 3 == 0:
playerIndex = next(playerIndexGen)
loopIter = (loopIter + 1) % 30
basex = -((-basex + 100) % baseShift)
# rotate the player
if playerRot > -90:
playerRot -= playerVelRot
# player's movement
if playerVelY < playerMaxVelY and not playerFlapped:
playerVelY += playerAccY
if playerFlapped:
playerFlapped = False
# more rotation to cover the threshold (calculated in visible rotation)
playerRot = 45
playerHeight = IMAGES['player'][playerIndex].get_height()
playery += min(playerVelY, BASEY - playery - playerHeight)
# move pipes to left
for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes):
uPipe['x'] += pipeVelX #管道移动
lPipe['x'] += pipeVelX
# add new pipe when first pipe is about to touch left of screen
if 0 < upperPipes[0]['x'] < 5:#当第一个管道移动到屏幕左侧边缘时，生成下一个管道
newPipe = getRandomPipe()
upperPipes.append(newPipe[0])
lowerPipes.append(newPipe[1])
# remove first pipe if its out of the screen
if upperPipes[0]['x'] < -IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_width(): #当管道移动到屏幕外侧后，删除它
upperPipes.pop(0)
lowerPipes.pop(0)
# draw sprites
SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['background'], (0,0))
for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes):
SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][0], (uPipe['x'], uPipe['y']))
SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][1], (lPipe['x'], lPipe['y']))
SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['base'], (basex, BASEY))
# print score so player overlaps the score
showScore(score) #显示得分
# Player rotation has a threshold
visibleRot = playerRotThr
if playerRot <= playerRotThr:
visibleRot = playerRot
playerSurface = pygame.transform.rotate(IMAGES['player'][playerIndex], visibleRot)#旋转角色
SCREEN.blit(playerSurface, (playerx, playery))#显示旋转后的角色
pygame.display.update()#更新窗口
FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)#循环应该多长时间运行一次
def showGameOverScreen(crashInfo):
"""crashes the player down ans shows gameover image"""
score = crashInfo['score']#获取得分
playerx = SCREENWIDTH * 0.2
playery = crashInfo['y']
playerHeight = IMAGES['player'][0].get_height()
playerVelY = crashInfo['playerVelY']
playerAccY = 2
playerRot = crashInfo['playerRot']
playerVelRot = 7
basex = crashInfo['basex']
upperPipes, lowerPipes = crashInfo['upperPipes'], crashInfo['lowerPipes']
# play hit and die sounds
SOUNDS['hit'].play()
if not crashInfo['groundCrash']:#如果没有撞击到地面，就播放die音效就可以了
SOUNDS['die'].play()
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):
if playery + playerHeight >= BASEY - 1:
return
# player y shift
if playery + playerHeight < BASEY - 1:
playery += min(playerVelY, BASEY - playery - playerHeight)
# player velocity change
if playerVelY < 15:
playerVelY += playerAccY
# rotate only when it's a pipe crash
if not crashInfo['groundCrash']:
if playerRot > -90:
playerRot -= playerVelRot
# draw sprites
SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['background'], (0,0))
for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes):
SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][0], (uPipe['x'], uPipe['y']))
SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][1], (lPipe['x'], lPipe['y']))
SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['base'], (basex, BASEY))
showScore(score)
playerSurface = pygame.transform.rotate(IMAGES['player'][1], playerRot)
SCREEN.blit(playerSurface, (playerx,playery))
FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
pygame.display.update()
def playerShm(playerShm):
"""oscillates the value of playerShm['val'] between 8 and -8"""
if abs(playerShm['val']) == 8:
playerShm['dir'] *= -1
if playerShm['dir'] == 1:
playerShm['val'] += 1
else:
playerShm['val'] -= 1
def getRandomPipe():#随机生成随机高度的管道 ？？？？？？？？还需要看细节
"""returns a randomly generated pipe"""
# y of gap between upper and lower pipe
gapY = random.randrange(0, int(BASEY * 0.6 - PIPEGAPSIZE))
gapY += int(BASEY * 0.2)
pipeHeight = IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_height()
pipeX = SCREENWIDTH + 10
return [
{'x': pipeX, 'y': gapY - pipeHeight}, # upper pipe
{'x': pipeX, 'y': gapY + PIPEGAPSIZE}, # lower pipe
]
def showScore(score):
"""displays score in center of screen"""
scoreDigits = [int(x) for x in list(str(score))]
totalWidth = 0 # total width of all numbers to be printed
for digit in scoreDigits:
totalWidth += IMAGES['numbers'][digit].get_width()
Xoffset = (SCREENWIDTH - totalWidth) / 2
for digit in scoreDigits:
SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['numbers'][digit], (Xoffset, SCREENHEIGHT * 0.1))#显示得分
Xoffset += IMAGES['numbers'][digit].get_width()
def checkCrash(player, upperPipes, lowerPipes):
"""returns True if player collders with base or pipes."""
pi = player['index']#飞行姿势
player['w'] = IMAGES['player'][0].get_width()
player['h'] = IMAGES['player'][0].get_height()
# if player crashes into ground 掉在地上
if player['y'] + player['h'] >= BASEY - 1:
return [True, True] #返回
else:
playerRect = pygame.Rect(player['x'], player['y'],
player['w'], player['h'])
pipeW = IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_width()
pipeH = IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_height()
for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes):
# upper and lower pipe rects
uPipeRect = pygame.Rect(uPipe['x'], uPipe['y'], pipeW, pipeH)
lPipeRect = pygame.Rect(lPipe['x'], lPipe['y'], pipeW, pipeH)
# player and upper/lower pipe hitmasks
pHitMask = HITMASKS['player'][pi]
uHitmask = HITMASKS['pipe'][0]
lHitmask = HITMASKS['pipe'][1]
# if bird collided with upipe or lpipe
uCollide = pixelCollision(playerRect, uPipeRect, pHitMask, uHitmask)
lCollide = pixelCollision(playerRect, lPipeRect, pHitMask, lHitmask)
if uCollide or lCollide:#如果撞击到了上管道或者下管道 返回
return [True, False]
return [False, False]
def pixelCollision(rect1, rect2, hitmask1, hitmask2):
"""Checks if two objects collide and not just their rects"""
rect = rect1.clip(rect2)#角色和管道之间重合的情况
if rect.width == 0 or rect.height == 0:#没重合就是没撞击到
return False
x1, y1 = rect.x - rect1.x, rect.y - rect1.y
x2, y2 = rect.x - rect2.x, rect.y - rect2.y
for x in xrange(rect.width):
for y in xrange(rect.height):
if hitmask1[x1+x][y1+y] and hitmask2[x2+x][y2+y]:#撞击到了
return True
return False
def getHitmask(image):
"""returns a hitmask using an image's alpha."""
#得到撞击mask
mask = []
for x in xrange(image.get_width()):
mask.append([])
for y in xrange(image.get_height()):
mask[x].append(bool(image.get_at((x,y))[3]))
return mask
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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发表于 2019-4-13 08:20:11
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