【Python】this模块

LYF511

Python this模块

一.发现 this 模块

大家都知道 The Zen of Python（Python 之禅）吧，

他在官网的 PEP 20 里出现了

什么？登不上去？

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最引人注意的是这里，一个叫 Easter Egg（彩蛋）标题的内容，如图所示：

                               
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this 这个模块大家应该都没听说过，那么我们导入一下试试：

>>> import this
The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters

Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than *right* now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!

细心的鱼油会发现，这不就是 Python之禅 吗？

为了方便对比，我放两张截图：

                               
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真是神奇！

二.破解 this 模块的 Python之禅

那我们猜测，肯定有存放 Python之禅 的变量。

我们先 dir(this) 试试

>>> dir(this)
['__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'c', 'd', 'i', 's']

除了每个模块应该有的属性以外，还有 c, d, i, s 四个变量

这4个变量代表什么意思？

我也不知道

依次看查这4个变量：

>>> this.c
97
>>> this.d
{'A': 'N', 'B': 'O', 'C': 'P', 'D': 'Q', 'E': 'R', 'F': 'S', 'G': 'T', 'H': 'U', 'I': 'V', 'J': 'W', 'K': 'X', 'L': 'Y', 'M': 'Z', 'N': 'A', 'O': 'B', 'P': 'C', 'Q': 'D', 'R': 'E', 'S': 'F', 'T': 'G', 'U': 'H', 'V': 'I', 'W': 'J', 'X': 'K', 'Y': 'L', 'Z': 'M', 'a': 'n', 'b': 'o', 'c': 'p', 'd': 'q', 'e': 'r', 'f': 's', 'g': 't', 'h': 'u', 'i': 'v', 'j': 'w', 'k': 'x', 'l': 'y', 'm': 'z', 'n': 'a', 'o': 'b', 'p': 'c', 'q': 'd', 'r': 'e', 's': 'f', 't': 'g', 'u': 'h', 'v': 'i', 'w': 'j', 'x': 'k', 'y': 'l', 'z': 'm'}
>>> this.i
25
>>> this.s
"Gur Mra bs Clguba, ol Gvz Crgref\n\nOrnhgvshy vf orggre guna htyl.\nRkcyvpvg vf orggre guna vzcyvpvg.\nFvzcyr vf orggre guna pbzcyrk.\nPbzcyrk vf orggre guna pbzcyvpngrq.\nSyng vf orggre guna arfgrq.\nFcnefr vf orggre guna qrafr.\nErnqnovyvgl pbhagf.\nFcrpvny pnfrf nera'g fcrpvny rabhtu gb oernx gur ehyrf.\nNygubhtu cenpgvpnyvgl orngf chevgl.\nReebef fubhyq arire cnff fvyragyl.\nHayrff rkcyvpvgyl fvyraprq.\nVa gur snpr bs nzovthvgl, ershfr gur grzcgngvba gb thrff.\nGurer fubhyq or bar-- naq cersrenoyl bayl bar --boivbhf jnl gb qb vg.\nNygubhtu gung jnl znl abg or boivbhf ng svefg hayrff lbh'er Qhgpu.\nAbj vf orggre guna arire.\nNygubhtu arire vf bsgra orggre guna *evtug* abj.\nVs gur vzcyrzragngvba vf uneq gb rkcynva, vg'f n onq vqrn.\nVs gur vzcyrzragngvba vf rnfl gb rkcynva, vg znl or n tbbq vqrn.\nAnzrfcnprf ner bar ubaxvat terng vqrn -- yrg'f qb zber bs gubfr!"

可以看到， this.s 像是乱码了一样，乱七八糟的，我们打印它一下试试

print(this.s)
Gur Mra bs Clguba, ol Gvz Crgref

Ornhgvshy vf orggre guna htyl.
Rkcyvpvg vf orggre guna vzcyvpvg.
Fvzcyr vf orggre guna pbzcyrk.
Pbzcyrk vf orggre guna pbzcyvpngrq.
Syng vf orggre guna arfgrq.
Fcnefr vf orggre guna qrafr.
Ernqnovyvgl pbhagf.
Fcrpvny pnfrf nera'g fcrpvny rabhtu gb oernx gur ehyrf.
Nygubhtu cenpgvpnyvgl orngf chevgl.
Reebef fubhyq arire cnff fvyragyl.
Hayrff rkcyvpvgyl fvyraprq.
Va gur snpr bs nzovthvgl, ershfr gur grzcgngvba gb thrff.
Gurer fubhyq or bar-- naq cersrenoyl bayl bar --boivbhf jnl gb qb vg.
Nygubhtu gung jnl znl abg or boivbhf ng svefg hayrff lbh'er Qhgpu.
Abj vf orggre guna arire.
Nygubhtu arire vf bsgra orggre guna *evtug* abj.
Vs gur vzcyrzragngvba vf uneq gb rkcynva, vg'f n onq vqrn.
Vs gur vzcyrzragngvba vf rnfl gb rkcynva, vg znl or n tbbq vqrn.
Anzrfcnprf ner bar ubaxvat terng vqrn -- yrg'f qb zber bs gubfr!

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细心的鱼油发现了，这有点像 Python之禅 的格式，不是吗？

放两张图片来对比：

                               
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这也太像了吧？

再加上 this.d ，看一看他的长度：

>>> len(this.d)
52

52？这好像是26个英文字母大写加小写

我们猜测，this.s 的每一个字母都和 this.d 相匹配

那么那些标点呢？

不变

于是，我们想到了字典的 get 方法，他的用法

get(key, default=None)

翻译成中文就是：

get(key=字典的Key, default=没有找到这个Key对应的Value值返回的值)

那么，我们尝试还原 Python之禅 ：

>>> PythonZen = ''
>>> for each in this.s:
        PythonZen += this.d.get(each, each)

那么，我们尝试获取 PythonZen 的值并且打印它

>>> PythonZen
"The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters\n\nBeautiful is better than ugly.\nExplicit is better than implicit.\nSimple is better than complex.\nComplex is better than complicated.\nFlat is better than nested.\nSparse is better than dense.\nReadability counts.\nSpecial cases aren't special enough to break the rules.\nAlthough practicality beats purity.\nErrors should never pass silently.\nUnless explicitly silenced.\nIn the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.\nThere should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.\nAlthough that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.\nNow is better than never.\nAlthough never is often better than *right* now.\nIf the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.\nIf the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.\nNamespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!"
>>> print(PythonZen)
The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters

Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than *right* now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!

                               
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成功了！

那么，我们看看 this 模块的源码：

首先

print(this.__file__)

打开资源管理器，访问到上面这条代码打印的路径（去掉 this.py）：

找到 this.py 右键，以 IDLE 打开：

他的源码是：

s = """Gur Mra bs Clguba, ol Gvz Crgref

Ornhgvshy vf orggre guna htyl.
Rkcyvpvg vf orggre guna vzcyvpvg.
Fvzcyr vf orggre guna pbzcyrk.
Pbzcyrk vf orggre guna pbzcyvpngrq.
Syng vf orggre guna arfgrq.
Fcnefr vf orggre guna qrafr.
Ernqnovyvgl pbhagf.
Fcrpvny pnfrf nera'g fcrpvny rabhtu gb oernx gur ehyrf.
Nygubhtu cenpgvpnyvgl orngf chevgl.
Reebef fubhyq arire cnff fvyragyl.
Hayrff rkcyvpvgyl fvyraprq.
Va gur snpr bs nzovthvgl, ershfr gur grzcgngvba gb thrff.
Gurer fubhyq or bar-- naq cersrenoyl bayl bar --boivbhf jnl gb qb vg.
Nygubhtu gung jnl znl abg or boivbhf ng svefg hayrff lbh'er Qhgpu.
Abj vf orggre guna arire.
Nygubhtu arire vf bsgra orggre guna *evtug* abj.
Vs gur vzcyrzragngvba vf uneq gb rkcynva, vg'f n onq vqrn.
Vs gur vzcyrzragngvba vf rnfl gb rkcynva, vg znl or n tbbq vqrn.
Anzrfcnprf ner bar ubaxvat terng vqrn -- yrg'f qb zber bs gubfr!"""

d = {}
for c in (65, 97):
    for i in range(26):
        d[chr(i+c)] = chr((i+13) % 26 + c)

print("".join([d.get(c, c) for c in s]))

最后打印的代码是不是和我们类似？

好了，这个小彩蛋就讲到这里

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