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本帖最后由 这是她 于 2020-5-2 21:42 编辑
The reasonable man adapts himself to the world;the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. ------Bernaed Shaw
引用
- #include<iostream>
- #include<string>
- using namespace std;
- //内联函数:使用函数代码替换函数调用---一般只用在函数内容简单的时候,节省时间
- inline double square(double x) {return x * x; }
- //标志:在函数声明前或定义前加上关键字inline
- void swap_y(int & a ,int & b);
- void swap_p(int * x ,int * y);
- void swap_s(int p,int q);
-
- int main()
- {
- double a,b;
- a = square(5.3);
- b = square(5.5 + 6.5);
- cout << "a = " << a << endl;
- cout << "b = " << b << endl;
- //引用:就是给已经定义的变量起个别名---必须在声明引用时进行初始化
- int contemplative = 666;
- int & charitable = contemplative;//&这个符号是来声明引用的;int &---指向int的引用
- //contemplative和charitable指向的是相同的值和内存单元
-
- cout << "contemplative = " << contemplative << endl;
- cout << "charitable = " << charitable << endl;
- contemplative++;
- cout << "contemplative = " << contemplative << endl;
- cout << "charitable = " << charitable << endl;//他们指向的值是一样的
- cout << "Address : charitable : " << &charitable << endl;
- cout << "Address : contemplative : " << &contemplative << endl; //他们指向的内存空间也是一样的
-
- int frank = 88;
- charitable = frank;//这条语句相当于contemplative = frank;
- cout << "frank : " << frank << endl;
- cout << "charitable : " << charitable << endl;
- cout << "contemplative = " << contemplative << endl;//可以看出他们的值都是88,都是一样的
- //可以通过初始化声明来设置引用,但不能通过赋值来设置
-
- cout << "Address : frank : " << &frank << endl;
- cout << "Address : chartitable " << &charitable << endl;//因为他们的地址是不一样的
- //将引用用作函数参数
- int passionate = 999,painstaking = 888;
- cout << "Value : passionate -> " << passionate;
- cout << " Value : painstaking -> " << painstaking << endl;
-
- swap_y(passionate,painstaking);
- cout << "Value : passionate -> " << passionate << " Value : painstaking -> " << painstaking << endl;
-
- swap_p(&passionate,&painstaking);
- cout << "Value : passionate -> " << passionate << " Value : painstaking -> " << painstaking << endl;
-
- swap_s(passionate,painstaking);
- cout << "Value : passinonate -> " << passionate << " Value : painstaking -> " << painstaking << endl;
- //临时变量--如果引用参数是const,生成临时变量。条件:①实参的类型正确,但不是左值;②实参的类型不正确,但可以转换成正确的类型
- //左值--可以取地址,可以保存数据的,可以放在‘=’的左边或右边(例如:变量、数组元素、结构成员、引用、解除引用的指针)--使用&声明的引用
- //右值--不可取地址,数据,只能出现在‘=’的右边(例如:字符常量、函数的返回值)--使用&&声明的引用
- int &a = 2;//× 左值引用绑定到右值
-
- int b = 2;//非常量左值
- const int &c = b;//√ 常量左值引用绑定到非常量左值
- const int d = 2;//常量左值
- const int &e = c;//√ 常量左值引用绑定到常量左值
- const int &b = 2;//√ 常量左值引用绑定到右值
-
- int q;
- int &&p1 = q;//× 右值引用不能绑定到任何左值
- int &&p2 = std::move(q);//√ 通常可以用std::move来将左值强制转换成右值
-
- return 0;
- }
- //按引用传递
- void swap_y(int &a,int &b)//a,b相当于时passionate和painstaking的别名,交换a,b的值相当于交换passionate和painstaking的值
- {
- int temp;
-
- temp = a;
- a = b;
- b = temp;
- }
- //按地址传递
- void swap_p(int *x,int *y)//x,y是通过指针按地址传递了passionate和painstaking的值,需要使用解除引用运算符*,来访问变量的值
- {
- int temp;
-
- temp = *x;
- *x = *y;
- *y = temp;
- }
- //按值传递
- void swap_s(int p,int q)//p,q是复制了passionate和painstaking的新变量,并不会影响passionate,painstaking的值
- {
- int temp;
-
- temp = p;
- p = q;
- q = temp;
- }
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渣渣一个 但渣渣也在慢慢的努力 各路大佬请各显神通
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