你的问题中Order这个类的total可以写成函数形式,也可以写成self.total的形式,就像前面的人说的那样。
而且看了你的代码我觉得有些问题,你虽然使用了ABC进行抽象,但是似乎自己都没有规划好每个接口应该具备怎样的能力。从设计模式的角度来说,你虽然使用了接口,但是却违背了里氏替换原则和依赖倒置原则。所以我把你的代码顺序进行了大幅改动,逻辑微调(就是Order类的total方法那个部分),保留了你要的total,也删除了__total这个私有属性,希望修改后的代码能对你有用。另外请注意,我使用了Python 3.10中的新特性来标注参数类型与返回值类型:from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from collections import namedtuple
# ----------抽象层,定义各种接口----------
Customer = namedtuple('Customer', 'name fidelity')
class InterfaceItem(metaclass=ABCMeta):
"""商品接口,子类须具备product、price、quantity属性,
必须实现total方法
"""
product: str
price: int | float
quantity: int | float
@abstractmethod
def total(self) -> int | float:
"""商品总价"""
pass
class InterfaceOrder(metaclass=ABCMeta):
"""订单接口,子类须具备cart、customer、total属性,
且必须实现due方法
"""
cart: list[InterfaceItem]
customer: Customer
@property
@abstractmethod
def total(self) -> int | float:
"""订单商品的总金额"""
pass
@abstractmethod
def due(self) -> int | float:
"""应该支付金额"""
pass
class InterfacePromotion(metaclass=ABCMeta):
"""促销活动接口,子类必须实现discount方法"""
@abstractmethod
def discount(self, order: InterfaceOrder) -> int | float:
"""返回折扣金额(正值)"""
pass
# ----------实现层,实现各种接口----------
class LineItem(InterfaceItem):
"""具体商品,实现IterfaceItem接口"""
def __init__(
self,
product: str,
quantity: int | float,
price: int | float
) -> None:
self.product = product
self.quantity = quantity
self.price = price
def total(self) -> int | float:
return self.price * self.quantity
class Order(InterfaceOrder):
"""具体订单,实现IterfaceOrder接口"""
def __init__(
self,
customer: Customer,
*cart: InterfaceItem,
promotion: InterfacePromotion = None
) -> None:
self.customer = customer
self.cart = list(cart)
self.promotion = promotion
@property
def total(self) -> int | float:
if self.cart:
return sum(item.total() for item in self.cart)
return 0
def due(self) -> int | float:
if self.promotion is None:
discount = 0
else:
discount = self.promotion.discount(self)
return self.total - discount
def __repr__(self):
fmt = '<Order total: {:.2f} due: {:.2f}>'
return fmt.format(self.total, self.due())
class FidelityPromo(InterfacePromotion):
"""为积分为1000或以上的顾客提供%5的折扣"""
def discount(self, order: InterfaceOrder) -> int | float:
return order.total * .05 if order.customer.fidelity >= 1000 else 0
class BulkItemPromo(InterfacePromotion):
"""单个商品为20个以上时提供10%折扣"""
def discount(self, order: InterfaceOrder) -> int | float:
discount = 0
for item in order.cart:
if item.quantity >= 20:
discount += item.total() * .1
return discount
class LargeOrderPromo(InterfacePromotion):
"""订单中的不同商品达到10个以上时提供7%折扣"""
def discount(self, order: InterfaceOrder) -> int | float:
distinct_items = {item.product for item in order.cart}
if len(distinct_items) >= 10:
return order.total * .07
return 0
# ----------业务层,处理具体业务逻辑----------
def business() -> None:
# 实例化各种促销方案
fp: InterfacePromotion = FidelityPromo()
c1: Customer = Customer('张三', 1000)
goods: list[InterfaceItem] = [
LineItem('商品A', 20, 126), LineItem('商品B', 11, 51.8), LineItem('商品C', 3, 26)
]
order: Order = Order(c1, *goods, promotion=fp)
print(order)
if __name__ == '__main__':
business()
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