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嗯,首先,请用支持C++11的编译器编译代码
像VC6之类不支持C++11的不能编译
支持C++11的编译器一般比较新- #ifndef HUFFMAN_H_INCLUDED
- #define HUFFMAN_H_INCLUDED // June 13th 2014
- #include <unordered_map>
- #include <string>
- #include <memory>
- namespace Huffman {
- class HFMTreeNode {
- public:
- HFMTreeNode(char c = 0, unsigned int w = 0) : ch(c), weight(w) {}
- HFMTreeNode(const std::shared_ptr<HFMTreeNode>& t1, const std::shared_ptr<HFMTreeNode>& t2)
- : weight(t1 -> weight + t2 -> weight), lSubTree(t1), rSubTree(t2) {}
- char ch = 0;
- unsigned int weight;
- std::shared_ptr<HFMTreeNode> lSubTree;
- std::shared_ptr<HFMTreeNode> rSubTree;
- };
- void build_tbl(const std::shared_ptr<HFMTreeNode>&, std::unordered_map<char, std::string>&, const std::string&);
- }
- #endif // HUFFMAN_H_INCLUDED
复制代码- #include "huffman.h" // June 13th 2014
- void Huffman::build_tbl(const std::shared_ptr<HFMTreeNode>& tree, std::unordered_map<char, std::string>& mp, const std::string& code)
- {
- if (tree == nullptr)
- return;
- if (tree -> lSubTree == nullptr &&
- tree -> rSubTree == nullptr)
- mp[tree -> ch] = code;
- if (tree -> lSubTree != nullptr) {
- std::string cd = code + '0';
- build_tbl(tree -> lSubTree, mp, cd);
- }
- if (tree -> rSubTree != nullptr) {
- std::string cd = code + '1';
- build_tbl(tree -> rSubTree, mp, cd);
- }
- }
复制代码- #include <iostream>
- #include <unordered_map>
- #include <queue>
- #include <vector>
- #include <string>
- #include <iterator>
- #include <algorithm>
- #include <cstdlib>
- #include <fstream>
- #include "huffman.h"
- typedef std::shared_ptr<Huffman::HFMTreeNode> Tree;
- class compare {
- public:
- bool operator()(const Tree t1, const Tree t2) { return t1 -> weight > t2 -> weight; }
- };
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- using std::cout;
- using std::cin;
- using std::for_each;
- std::istreambuf_iterator<char> in(cin);
- std::istreambuf_iterator<char> eof;
- std::unordered_map<char, unsigned int> tbl;
- std::string input;
- while (true) {
- cout << "请输入待编码的字符串:\n";
- std::copy(in, eof, std::back_inserter(input)); // 读入字符
- for_each(input.begin(), input.end(), [&tbl](char ch){ ++tbl[ch]; }); // 统计字符数
- if (input.size() == 1)
- break;
- std::priority_queue<Tree, std::vector<Tree>, compare> hfmQue;
- Tree hfmTree, left, right;
- for_each(tbl.begin(), tbl.end(), [&hfmQue](const std::pair<char, unsigned int>& p)
- {
- hfmQue.push(std::make_shared<Huffman::HFMTreeNode>(p.first, p.second)); // 将表格内内容复制进优先队列
- });
- while (hfmQue.size() > 1) { // 构造哈夫曼树
- left = hfmQue.top();
- hfmQue.pop();
- right = hfmQue.top();
- hfmQue.pop();
- if (left -> weight > right -> weight)
- left.swap(right);
- hfmQue.push(std::make_shared<Huffman::HFMTreeNode>(left, right));
- }
- hfmTree = hfmQue.top();
- std::unordered_map<char, std::string> hfmTbl;
- Huffman::build_tbl(hfmTree, hfmTbl, std::string()); // 根据哈夫曼树构建哈夫曼表
- cout << "\n下面是每个字符对应的编码表:\n";
- for_each(hfmTbl.begin(), hfmTbl.end(), [](const std::pair<char, std::string>& p)
- {
- switch(p.first) {
- case ' ':
- cout << "空格" << "\t" << p.second << std::endl;
- return;
- case '\t':
- cout << "TAB" << "\t" << p.second << std::endl;
- return;
- case '\n':
- cout << "回车" << "\t" << p.second << std::endl;
- return;
- }
- cout << p.first << "\t" << p.second << std::endl;
- });
- cout << "\n下面是哈夫曼编码的结果:\n";
- std::string hfmCode;
- for_each(input.begin(), input.end(), [&hfmTbl, &hfmCode](char ch)
- {
- hfmCode += hfmTbl[ch];
- });
- cout << hfmCode << std::endl;
- std::ofstream outFile("huffman.txt", std::ios_base::out | std::ios_base::app);
- if (!outFile.is_open()) {
- cout << "\nhuffman.txt打开失败!\n";
- std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- outFile << input << "编码的结果为: " << hfmCode << std::endl;
- outFile.close();
- cout << "程序已将编码结果写入运行目录下的huffman.txt中!\n";
- // 解码
- cout << "\n下面是对哈夫曼编码的解码:\n";
- Tree temp = hfmTree;
- for_each(hfmCode.begin(), hfmCode.end(), [&temp, &hfmTree](char ch)
- {
- if (ch == '0')
- temp = temp -> lSubTree;
- else
- temp = temp -> rSubTree;
- if (temp -> lSubTree == nullptr && // 找到字符,输出并且回到根节点
- temp -> rSubTree == nullptr) {
- cout << temp -> ch;
- temp = hfmTree;
- }
- });
- input.clear();
- }
- return 0;
- }
复制代码 整个实现不超过200行 |
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