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本帖最后由 戴宇轩 于 2015-3-21 11:31 编辑
列表的所有除魔法方法外的函数有: ['append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']
下面将逐一介绍它们:
1. append()
在列表的最后添加一个元素- >>> test = []
- >>> test
- []
- >>> test.append(6)
- >>> test
- [6]
- >>> test.append('I love FishC!')
- >>> test
- [6, 'I love FishC!']
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2. clear()
在不改变内存中位置的情况下清空列表- >>> raw = [1, 2, 3]
- >>> same = raw
- >>> raw
- [1, 2, 3]
- >>> same
- [1, 2, 3]
- >>> raw.clear()
- >>> raw
- []
- >>> same
- []
复制代码 有人说: "何必那么复杂, 直接raw = []不就完事了吗?"
但是, 这是不同的, 测试:- >>> raw = [1, 2, 3]
- >>> same = raw
- >>> raw
- [1, 2, 3]
- >>> same
- [1, 2, 3]
- >>> raw = []
- >>> raw
- []
- >>> same
- [1, 2, 3]
- >>> id(raw) == id(same) # 检测它们在内存中在不在同一个地址
- >>> False
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3. copy()
浅拷贝(拓展内容见>>>这里<<<)- >>> raw = [1, 2, 3]
- >>> same = raw
- >>> different = raw.copy()
- >>> raw
- [1, 2, 3]
- >>> same
- [1, 2, 3]
- >>> different
- [1, 2, 3]
- >>> raw.append(4)
- >>> raw
- [1, 2, 3, 4]
- >>> same
- [1, 2, 3, 4]
- >>> different
- [1, 2, 3]
- >>> id(raw) == id(same)
- True
- >>> id(raw) == id(different)
- False
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4. count()
统计某一个元素在列表中的个数- >>> test = [1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2]
- >>> test.count(1)
- 3
- >>> test.count(2)
- 2
- >>> test.count(3)
- 1
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5. extend()
将一个可迭代对象的每一项添加到列表的最后- >>> test = [1, 2, 3]
- >>> test
- [1, 2, 3]
- >>> test.extend([11, 22, 33])
- >>> test
- [1, 2, 3, 11, 22, 33]
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6. index()
返回某个元素在列表中的下标- >>> test = [3, 8, 4, 2, 1]
- >>> test
- [3, 8, 4, 2, 1]
- >>> test.index(2)
- 3
- >>> test.index(8)
- 1
- >>> test.index(4)
- 2
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7. insert()
将某个元素插在列表的某个位置
形式: ???.insert(位置, 元素)- >>> test = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
- >>> test
- [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
- >>> test.insert(3, 10)
- >>> test
- [1, 1, 2, 10, 3, 5, 8]
- >>> test.insert(5, 100)
- >>> test
- [1, 1, 2, 10, 3, 100, 5, 8]
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8. pop()
删除列表中指定位置的元素并返回, 默认位置为-1(最后)- >>> test = [1, 1, 9, 3, 6, 8]
- >>> test
- [1, 1, 9, 3, 6, 8]
- >>> test.pop()
- 8
- >>> test
- [1, 1, 9, 3, 6]
- >>> test.pop(2)
- 9
- >>> test
- [1, 1, 3, 6]
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9. remove()
移除列表中第一个指定的元素- >>> test = [1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3]
- >>> test
- [1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3]
- >>> test.remove(1)
- >>> test
- [1, 2, 3, 4, 3]
- >>> test.remove(3)
- >>> test
- [1, 2, 4, 3]
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10. reverse()
在不改变内存中位置的情况下反转列表- >>> test = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
- >>> test
- [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
- >>> test.reverse()
- >>> test
- [8, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1]
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11. sort()
给列表排序, 可选参数: reverse(从大到小), key(为列表中每一个值进行key的计算, 按返回值大小排序- >>> test1 = [8, 3, -9, 2, 5, 3]
- >>> test1
- [8, 3, -9, 2, 5, 3]
- >>> test1.sort()
- >>> test1
- [-9, 2, 3, 3, 5, 8]
- >>> test1.sort(reverse = True)
- >>> test1
- [8, 5, 3, 3 2, -9]
- >>> test2 = ['z', 'abcde', 'cde']
- >>> test2
- ['z', 'abc', 'cdeeee']
- >>> test2.sort() # 默认按ASCII值大小排序
- >>> test2
- ['abc', 'cdeeee', 'z']
- >>> test2.sort(key = len) # 要求按长度排序
- >>> test2
- ['z', 'abc', 'cdeeee']
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