[已解决]TypeError: expected string or bytes-like object

mozzielx

新人求教 用的spyder  win10系统
python versio：3.5.2
请问，那一步哪里错了 还没看出来0.0

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
   
2. """
   
3. Created on Fri Jul 29 14:24:31 2016
   
4. 
   
5. @author: mozzielx
   
6. """
   
7. from urllib.parse import urlencode
   
8. from urllib.request import Request,urlopen
   
9. '''模拟登录'''
   
10. CaptchaUrl = "http://jwxt1.cumt.edu.cn/CheckCode.aspx"#验证码网址
    
11. PostUrl = "http://jwxt1.cumt.edu.cn/default2.aspx"#登录时提交data的页面
    
12. # 用户名和密码
    
13. username = 'xx'
    
14. password = 'xx'
    
15. #获取验证码图片————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————#
    
16. request_pic = Request(CaptchaUrl)
    
17. request_pic.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.84 Safari/537.36')
    
18. response_pic = urlopen(request_pic)
    
19. pic = response_pic.read()
    
20. m_cookie = response_pic.getheader("Set-Cookie")#访问验证码地址,获取cookie
    
21. # 保存验证码到本地
    
22. with open('验证码.jpg', 'wb') as f:
    
23.     f.write(pic)
    
24. SecretCode = input('输入验证码： ')# 手动打开保存的验证码图片 输入
    
25. #下面是登录教务处——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————#
    
26. postData_login = {
    
27.             '__VIEWSTATE': 'dDwyODE2NTM0OTg7Oz6gIzHUHUo9I4p23LsZjjNrYu9EnQ==',
    
28.             'txtUserName': username,
    
29.             'TextBox2': password,
    
30.             'txtSecretCode': SecretCode, #验证码
    
31.             'RadioButtonList1': '学生',
    
32.             'Button1': '',
    
33.             'lbLanguage': '',
    
34.             'hidPdrs': '',
    
35.             'hidsc': ''
    
36.                 }
    
37. headers_login = {
    
38.             'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8',
    
39.             'Accept-Encoding':'gzip, deflate',
    
40.             'Accept-Language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8',
    
41.             'Cache-Control':'max-age=0',
    
42.             'Connection':'keep-alive',
    
43.             'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
    
44.             'Cookie':m_cookie,
    
45.             'Host':'jwxt1.cumt.edu.cn',
    
46.             'Origin':'http://jwxt1.cumt.edu.cn',
    
47.             'Referer':'http://jwxt1.cumt.edu.cn/',
    
48.             'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests':'1',
    
49.             'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.84 Safari/537.36'
    
50.                 }
    
51. data_login = urlencode(postData_login,encoding='gb2312').encode('gb2312')#因为data含中文，所以encoding='xxxx'
    
52. request_login = Request(PostUrl, data_login, headers_login)
    
53. response_login = urlopen(request_login)
    
54. result_login = response_login.read().decode('gb2312')# 由于该网页是gb2312的编码，所以需要解码
    
55. #print(result_login)# 打印登录后的页面
    
56. #下面是查成绩—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————#
    
57. url_grade ='http://jwxt1.cumt.edu.cn/xscj_gc.aspx?xh=03141060&xm=%C1%D6%D0%C0&gnmkdm=N121605'#查成绩网址
    
58. postdata_grade ={'__VIEWSTATE':'dDwxODI2NTc3MzMwO3Q8cDxsPHhoOz47bDwwMzE0MTA2MDs+PjtsPGk8MT47PjtsPHQ8O2w8aTwxPjtpPDM+O2k8NT47aTw3PjtpPDk+O2k8MTE+O2k8MTM+O2k8MTY+O2k8MjY+O2k8Mjc+O2k8Mjg+O2k8MzU+O2k8Mzc+O2k8Mzk+O2k8NDE+O2k8NDU+Oz47bDx0PHA8cDxsPFRleHQ7PjtsPOWtpuWPt++8mjAzMTQxMDYwOz4+Oz47Oz47dDxwPHA8bDxUZXh0Oz47bDzlp5PlkI3vvJrmnpfmrKM7Pj47Pjs7Pjt0PHA8cDxsPFRleHQ7PjtsPOWtpumZou+8muacuueUteW3peeoi+WtpumZojs+Pjs+Ozs+O3Q8cDxwPGw8VGV4dDs+O2w85LiT5Lia77yaOz4+Oz47Oz47dDxwPHA8bDxUZXh0Oz47bDzmnLrmorDlt6XnqIs7Pj47Pjs7Pjt0PHA8cDxsPFRleHQ7PjtsPOihjOaUv+ePre+8muacuuaisOW3peeoizIwMTQtMDbnj607Pj47Pjs7Pjt0PHA8cDxsPFRleHQ7PjtsPDIwMTQwMzExOz4+Oz47Oz47dDx0PHA8cDxsPERhdGFUZXh0RmllbGQ7RGF0YVZhbHVlRmllbGQ7PjtsPFhOO1hOOz4+Oz47dDxpPDM+O0A8XGU7MjAxNS0yMDE2OzIwMTQtMjAxNTs+O0A8XGU7MjAxNS0yMDE2OzIwMTQtMjAxNTs+Pjs+Ozs+O3Q8cDw7cDxsPG9uY2xpY2s7PjtsPHdpbmRvdy5wcmludCgpXDs7Pj4+Ozs+O3Q8cDw7cDxsPG9uY2xpY2s7PjtsPHdpbmRvdy5jbG9zZSgpXDs7Pj4+Ozs+O3Q8cDxwPGw8VmlzaWJsZTs+O2w8bzx0Pjs+Pjs+Ozs+O3Q8QDA8Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Oz47Oz47dDxAMDw7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Pjs7Pjt0PEAwPDs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs+Ozs+O3Q8O2w8aTwwPjtpPDE+O2k8Mj47aTw0Pjs+O2w8dDw7bDxpPDA+O2k8MT47PjtsPHQ8O2w8aTwwPjtpPDE+Oz47bDx0PEAwPDs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs+Ozs+O3Q8QDA8Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Oz47Oz47Pj47dDw7bDxpPDA+O2k8MT47PjtsPHQ8QDA8Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Oz47Oz47dDxAMDw7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Pjs7Pjs+Pjs+Pjt0PDtsPGk8MD47PjtsPHQ8O2w8aTwwPjs+O2w8dDxAMDw7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Pjs7Pjs+Pjs+Pjt0PDtsPGk8MD47aTwxPjs+O2w8dDw7bDxpPDA+Oz47bDx0PEAwPHA8cDxsPFZpc2libGU7PjtsPG88Zj47Pj47Pjs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs+Ozs+Oz4+O3Q8O2w8aTwwPjs+O2w8dDxAMDxwPHA8bDxWaXNpYmxlOz47bDxvPGY+Oz4+Oz47Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Pjs7Pjs+Pjs+Pjt0PDtsPGk8MD47PjtsPHQ8O2w8aTwwPjs+O2w8dDxwPHA8bDxUZXh0Oz47bDxaSVNUOz4+Oz47Oz47Pj47Pj47Pj47dDxAMDw7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Pjs7Pjs+Pjs+Pjs+ZvafybAT0oLKL3rUY+aWJ0cpEco=',
    
59.                 '__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR':'DB0F94E3',
    
60.                 'ddlXN':'2015-2016',
    
61.                 'ddlXQ':'2',
    
62.                 'Button1':'按学期查询'}
    
63. headers_grade = {   'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8',
    
64.                     'Accept-Encoding':'gzip, deflate',
    
65.                     'Accept-Language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8',
    
66.                     'Connection':'keep-alive',
    
67.                     'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
    
68.                     'Cookie':m_cookie,
    
69.                     'Host':'jwxt1.cumt.edu.cn',
    
70.                     'Origin':'http://jwxt1.cumt.edu.cn',
    
71.                     'Referer':'http://jwxt1.cumt.edu.cn/xscj_gc.aspx?xh=03141060&xm=%C1%D6%D0%C0&gnmkdm=N121605',
    
72.                     'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.84 Safari/537.36'}
    
73. data_grade = urlencode(postdata_grade,encoding='gb2312').encode('gb2312')
    
74. request_grade = Request(url_grade, data_grade, headers_grade)
    
75. response_grade = urlopen(request_grade)
    
76. result_grade = response_grade.read().decode('gb2312')
    
77. print(result_grade)
    
78.    
    

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下面是报错信息

1. runfile('E:/python practice/数据爬取/教务系统.py', wdir='E:/python practice/数据爬取')
   
2. 
   
3. 输入验证码： v523
   
4. Traceback (most recent call last):
   
5. 
   
6.   File "<ipython-input-20-e7fcb8a24997>", line 1, in <module>
   
7.     runfile('E:/python practice/数据爬取/教务系统.py', wdir='E:/python practice/数据爬取')
   
8. 
   
9.   File "F:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyderlib\widgets\externalshell\sitecustomize.py", line 714, in runfile
   
10.     execfile(filename, namespace)
    
11. 
    
12.   File "F:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyderlib\widgets\externalshell\sitecustomize.py", line 89, in execfile
    
13.     exec(compile(f.read(), filename, 'exec'), namespace)
    
14. 
    
15.   File "E:/python practice/数据爬取/教务系统.py", line 53, in <module>
    
16.     response_login = urlopen(request_login)
    
17. 
    
18.   File "F:\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py", line 163, in urlopen
    
19.     return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
    
20. 
    
21.   File "F:\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py", line 466, in open
    
22.     response = self._open(req, data)
    
23. 
    
24.   File "F:\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py", line 484, in _open
    
25.     '_open', req)
    
26. 
    
27.   File "F:\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py", line 444, in _call_chain
    
28.     result = func(*args)
    
29. 
    
30.   File "F:\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1282, in http_open
    
31.     return self.do_open(http.client.HTTPConnection, req)
    
32. 
    
33.   File "F:\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1254, in do_open
    
34.     h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers)
    
35. 
    
36.   File "F:\Anaconda3\lib\http\client.py", line 1106, in request
    
37.     self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
    
38. 
    
39.   File "F:\Anaconda3\lib\http\client.py", line 1146, in _send_request
    
40.     self.putheader(hdr, value)
    
41. 
    
42.   File "F:\Anaconda3\lib\http\client.py", line 1082, in putheader
    
43.     if _is_illegal_header_value(values[i]):
    
44. 
    
45. TypeError: expected string or bytes-like object

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最佳答案

月排行榜 / 总排行榜

SixPy

2016-7-29 17:26:07

TypeError: expected string or bytes-like object
类型错误：预期的是 字符串 或 字节串对象
---------------------

1. request_login = Request(PostUrl, data_login, headers_login)
   
2. response_login = urlopen(request_login)

复制代码

urlopen(url) 接受的 url ，是个链接地址字符串。
而你 给了个 Request 对象。

跳转到最佳答案楼层

SixPy

TypeError: expected string or bytes-like object
类型错误：预期的是 字符串 或 字节串对象
---------------------

1. request_login = Request(PostUrl, data_login, headers_login)
   
2. response_login = urlopen(request_login)

复制代码

urlopen(url) 接受的 url ，是个链接地址字符串。
而你 给了个 Request 对象。