>>> dict1 = {} #定义一个空的字典
>>> dict1.fromkeys((1, 2, 3)) #不提供第二个参数时,默认为None
{1: None, 2: None, 3: None}
>>> dict1.fromkeys((1, 2, 3), 'Number') #第二个参数设置为Number时
{1: 'Number', 2: 'Number', 3: 'Number'}
>>> dict1.fromkeys((1, 2, 3), ('one', 'two', 'three'))#第二个参数设置为('one', 'two', 'three')时
{1: ('one', 'two', 'three'), 2: ('one', 'two', 'three'), 3: ('one', 'two', 'three')}
>>> dict1.fromkeys((1, 3), '数字') #重新创建了新的字典
{1: '数字', 3: '数字'}
>>> dict1 = dict1.fromkeys(range(32), '赞') #创建新的字典
>>> dict1
{0: '赞', 1: '赞', 2: '赞', 3: '赞', 4: '赞', 5: '赞', 6: '赞', 7: '赞', 8: '赞', 9: '赞', 10: '赞', 11: '赞', 12: '赞', 13: '赞', 14: '赞', 15: '赞', 16: '赞', 17: '赞', 18: '赞', 19: '赞', 20: '赞', 21: '赞', 22: '赞', 23: '赞', 24: '赞', 25: '赞', 26: '赞', 27: '赞', 28: '赞', 29: '赞', 30: '赞', 31: '赞'}
>>> for eachKey in dict1.keys():
print(eachKey) #打印字典中所有的Key
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
>>> for eachValue in dict1.values():
print(eachValue) #打印字典中所有的Value
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
赞
>>> for eachItem in dict1.items():
print(eachItem) #打印字典中所有的项Item
(0, '赞')
(1, '赞')
(2, '赞')
(3, '赞')
(4, '赞')
(5, '赞')
(6, '赞')
(7, '赞')
(8, '赞')
(9, '赞')
(10, '赞')
(11, '赞')
(12, '赞')
(13, '赞')
(14, '赞')
(15, '赞')
(16, '赞')
(17, '赞')
(18, '赞')
(19, '赞')
(20, '赞')
(21, '赞')
(22, '赞')
(23, '赞')
(24, '赞')
(25, '赞')
(26, '赞')
(27, '赞')
(28, '赞')
(29, '赞')
(30, '赞')
(31, '赞')
>>> print(dict1[31])
赞
>>> print(dict1[32]) #程序报错
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#18>", line 1, in <module>
print(dict1[32])
KeyError: 32
>>> dict1.get(32) #访问字典中不存在的项
>>> print(dict1.get(32))
None
>>> dict1.get(32, '木有!') #访问字典中不存在的项
'木有!'
>>> dict1.get(31, '木有!') #访问字典中的项
'赞'
>>> 31 in dict1 #成员字典操作符,查找的是键而非值
True
>>> 32 in dict1 #成员字典操作符,查找的是键而非值
False
>>> dict1
{0: '赞', 1: '赞', 2: '赞', 3: '赞', 4: '赞', 5: '赞', 6: '赞', 7: '赞', 8: '赞', 9: '赞', 10: '赞', 11: '赞', 12: '赞', 13: '赞', 14: '赞', 15: '赞', 16: '赞', 17: '赞', 18: '赞', 19: '赞', 20: '赞', 21: '赞', 22: '赞', 23: '赞', 24: '赞', 25: '赞', 26: '赞', 27: '赞', 28: '赞', 29: '赞', 30: '赞', 31: '赞'}
>>> dict1.clear() #清空字典
>>> dict1
{}
>>> dict1 = {}
>>> a = {'姓名':'小甲鱼'}
>>> b = a
>>> b
{'姓名': '小甲鱼'}
>>> a = {} # a清空了
>>> a
{}
>>> b # b未清空
{'姓名': '小甲鱼'}
>>> a = b
>>> a
{'姓名': '小甲鱼'}
>>> b
{'姓名': '小甲鱼'}
>>> a.clear()
>>> a # a清空
{}
>>> b # b清空
{}
>>> a = {1:'one', 2:'two', 3:'three'}
>>> b = a.copy()
>>> c = a
>>> c
{1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}
>>> a
{1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}
>>> b
{1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}
>>> id(a)
38270128
>>> id(b) #拷贝后的地址与原地址不一样
35828672
>>> id(c) #赋值后的地址与原地址一样
38270128
>>> c[4] = 'four' #c增加一个值
>>> c
{1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three', 4: 'four'}
>>> a
{1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three', 4: 'four'}
>>> b
{1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}
>>> a.pop(2)
'two'
>>> a
{1: 'one', 3: 'three', 4: 'four'}
>>> a.popitem() #随机从字典中去除一个元素
(4, 'four')
>>> a
{1: 'one', 3: 'three'}
>>> a.setdefault('小白') # 找不到对应值时,会自动进行添加
>>> a
{1: 'one', 3: 'three', '小白': None}
>>> a.setdefault(5, 'five')
'five'
>>> a
{1: 'one', 3: 'three', '小白': None, 5: 'five'} #添加以后自动排序
>>> b = {'小白':'狗'}
>>> a.update(b) #利用一个字典或映射关系去更新另外一个字典
>>> a
{1: 'one', 3: 'three', '小白': '狗', 5: 'five'}