关于scrapy中的CrawlSpider，如何添加headers？

syxuming

网上看到CrawSpider的例子如下

import scrapy
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor

class MySpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = 'example.com'
    allowed_domains = ['example.com']
    start_urls = ['http://www.example.com']

    rules = (
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=('category\.php', ), deny=('subsection\.php', ))),
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=('item\.php', )), callback='parse_item'),
    )

    def parse_item(self, response):
        self.logger.info('Hi, this is an item page! %s', response.url)
        item = scrapy.Item()
        item['name'] = response.xpath('//td[@id="item_name"]/text()').extract()
        item['description'] = response.xpath('//td[@id="item_description"]/text()').extract()
        return item

但是有些网站需要添加headers才能正常访问，那么CrawlSpider中如何去添加header呢

ba21

参考：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from scrapy.contrib.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy.selector import Selector
from scrapy.contrib.linkextractors.sgml import SgmlLinkExtractor
from scrapy.http import Request, FormRequest
from zhihu.items import ZhihuItem



class ZhihuSipder(CrawlSpider) :
    name = "zhihu"
    allowed_domains = ["www.zhihu.com"]
    start_urls = [
        "http://www.zhihu.com"
    ]
    rules = (
        Rule(SgmlLinkExtractor(allow = ('/question/\d+#.*?', )), callback = 'parse_page', follow = True),
        Rule(SgmlLinkExtractor(allow = ('/question/\d+', )), callback = 'parse_page', follow = True),
    )
    headers = {
    "Accept": "*/*",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip,deflate",
    "Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.6,zh;q=0.4",
    "Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Content-Type":" application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.111 Safari/537.36",
    "Referer": "http://www.zhihu.com/"
    }

    #重写了爬虫类的方法, 实现了自定义请求, 运行成功后会调用callback回调函数
    def start_requests(self):
        return [Request("https://www.zhihu.com/login", meta = {'cookiejar' : 1}, callback = self.post_login)]

    #FormRequeset出问题了
    def post_login(self, response):
        print 'Preparing login'
        #下面这句话用于抓取请求网页后返回网页中的_xsrf字段的文字, 用于成功提交表单
        xsrf = Selector(response).xpath('//input[@name="_xsrf"]/@value').extract()[0]
        print xsrf
        #FormRequeset.from_response是Scrapy提供的一个函数, 用于post表单
        #登陆成功后, 会调用after_login回调函数
        return [FormRequest.from_response(response,   #"http://www.zhihu.com/login",
                            meta = {'cookiejar' : response.meta['cookiejar']},
                            headers = self.headers,  #注意此处的headers
                            formdata = {
                            '_xsrf': xsrf,
                            'email': '1095511864@qq.com',
                            'password': '123456'
                            },
                            callback = self.after_login,
                            dont_filter = True
                            )]

    def after_login(self, response) :
        for url in self.start_urls :
            yield self.make_requests_from_url(url)

    def parse_page(self, response):
        problem = Selector(response)
        item = ZhihuItem()
        item['url'] = response.url
        item['name'] = problem.xpath('//span[@class="name"]/text()').extract()
        print item['name']
        item['title'] = problem.xpath('//h2[@class="zm-item-title zm-editable-content"]/text()').extract()
        item['description'] = problem.xpath('//div[@class="zm-editable-content"]/text()').extract()
        item['answer']= problem.xpath('//div[@class=" zm-editable-content clearfix"]/text()').extract()
        return item